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ASTM D2559-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions

Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required.
1.2 The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:
1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading,
1.2.2 Resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying, and
1.2.3 Resistance to deformation under static load.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
79.060.10 - Plywood
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.30 - Wood Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2559-03 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2559-09 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5055-19e1 - Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7770-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted During Simulated Manufacturing of Engineered Wood Products Via a Sealed Caul Plate Method
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5266-13(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5574-94(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7469-22 - Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1101-97a(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Integrity of Adhesive Joints in Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3535-07a(2021) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep Under Static Loading for Structural Wood Laminating Adhesives Used Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7199-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4688/D4688M-14(2021)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Structural Adhesives for Finger Jointing Lumber
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D2559-04 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure ConditionsASTM D2559-04 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
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ASTM D2559-04 - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D2559 – 04
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use
1
Under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the
woods
bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural
D1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry
laminated wood products for general construction, for marine
Adhesive Films
use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Val-
adhesive bond is required.
ues
1.2 The requirements of the adhesive are based on the
D3535 Test Method for Resistance to Creep Under Static
performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured
Loading for Structural Wood Laminating Adhesives Used
by:
Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading,
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
1.2.2 Resistance to delamination during accelerated expo-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
sure to wetting and drying, and
D4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to
1.2.3 Resistance to deformation under static load.
Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fined in Terminology D907.
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ucts
3.2.1 delamination, n—the separation of layers in a lami-
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
nate because of failure of the adhesive, either in the adhesive
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
itselforattheinterfacebetweentheadhesiveandtheadherend.
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
3.2.2 glulam, n—synonym for structural-glued-laminated
timber.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards may be referred to for other
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives. terms used in this specification: Nomenclature D1165, Terminologies D9,
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
E6, and E41.
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2559 – 03. DOI:
3.2.3 laminated wood product, n—afabricatedwoodassem-
10.1520/D2559-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or bly resulting from the bonding together of two or more
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
laminations, all with the direction of grain essentially parallel,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
to form a larger piece such as a structural member.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2559 – 04
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The individual laminations themselves 9.2 The adhesive must pass the tests required by this
may be made up of two or more pieces both in width and specification for all limiting conditions recommended in the
length. manufacturer’s bulletin. The information furnished by the
3.2.4 structural-glued-laminated timber, n—an engineered manufacturer should include each of the following for each
stress-rated product of a timber laminating plant comprising species of wood included in his recommendations:
assemblies of specially selected and prepared wood lamina- 9.2.1 Limits of
...

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ASTM D2559-12a(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
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1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction or other uses where a high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.  
1.2 This specification includes test methods that may be referenced by specific product standards for the evaluation and approval of structural wood adhesives. Methods are included to evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
Note 1: Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 regarding the intent and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.  
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications and levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading, cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and other use conditions. It is the intent of this standard to determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various levels of severity and conditions with specific and appropriate test methods and requirements.
Note 2: This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for different chemical types of adhesives.  
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:  
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3 and meeting requirements in 14.4.  
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at elevated temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting requirements in 15.4.  
1.4.3 Resistance to creep under static load by subjecting test specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of test specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high humidity and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.  
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of treated wood.
Note 3: When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon between the chemical manufacture and the user.
Note 4: Additional durability testing may also be required as specified by individual product standards. Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 for additional information and guidance as to the type of durability testing that may be appropriate to supplement this specification when characterizing the adhesive for suitability with specific wood products.  
1.5 The evaluation of adhesives for use in ground contact and marine exposures are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.6 The evaluation of binder adhesives is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and a commentary which provide explanatory material. These notes, footnotes and commentary (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated ...

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ASTM D3044-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
Note 2: Test Methods D2718 describes a plate method for determination of modulus of rigidity of structural panels.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
Note 1: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3500-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Tension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to wood structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of wood structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.  
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
1.2 Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers.  
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:  
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.  
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.  
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:  
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, panel grade characteristics, and other variables influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.  
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized grade characteristics found in panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of grade characteristics control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.  
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing variables on the tensile properties of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2719-19(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of wood structural panels in shear through-the-thickness obtained by these test methods are required for the rigorous design of many lumber-panel structural components such as trusses with panel gussets, box beams, folded plate roofs, and space plane structures, as well as floor and roof diaphragms, and shear walls. These properties are of secondary importance in typical roof deck and sheathing applications, and in crates and shipping containers.  
3.2 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Average depth of knife checks has been found to strongly influence shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in veneer incorporated in composite panels. Measurement of depth of knife checks is recommended in these test methods.  
3.3 To control or define other variables influencing shear properties, these test methods require determination of moisture content and elapsed time to failure. The conditioning of test material in controlled atmosphere and determination of specific gravity are recommended.
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1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-thickness properties of wood structural panels associated with shear distortion of the major axis. Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers. Three test methods are included which differ somewhat in their application:    
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Section  
A. Small Panel Shear Test  
5  
B. Large Panel Shear Test  
6  
C. Two-Rail Shear Test  
7
The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and experimental plan permit.  
1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform material including investigations of the effects of grain direction or orientation and of many raw materials and manufacturing process variables which influence shear properties uniformly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited for determining effects of grade and manufacturing features such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the specimen.  
1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of rigidity and is therefore recommended for elastic tests of materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures. This test method also yields excellent shear strength values for clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the specimen, failures generally occur only in narrow zones at the perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the heavy perimeter framing, causes this test method to be generally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as density variations, core gaps, and knots that are not uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in cases where effects of these factors under conditions of heavy perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be applied.  
1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test—This test method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and problems. The specimen fabrication and test procedures are somewhat simpler than in Test Methods A and B. The specimen is free to shear parallel to its 24-in. (610-mm) length dimension anywhere within the 8-in. (203-mm) width between rails. Thus, the test method is well suited for determining grade and...

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Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood Structural Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The failure of wood-based materials with impact loads is sometimes an important criteria in design considerations. In addition, some effects on the mechanical properties of wood, such as decay, are best evaluated by measuring its toughness. This test method serves to evaluate the toughness of structural panel products while Methods D143 can be used to measure the toughness of solid clear wood specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for toughness of wood structural panels covers the determination of energy necessary to cause failure by impact loading of a beam specimen which is simply supported and loaded at midspan. Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D3501-05a(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers, and determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments, construction, principal direction with respect to direction of stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly influence the panel.  
3.3 Method B:  
3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel, and are intended for use in design.  
3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buckling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by restraining the edges of the specimens.  
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made, that the same method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of compression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate maximum compressive strength only.  
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens—This method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influence compression properties of structural panels.  
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural panels, and
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufacturing variables on compression properties of structural panels.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2718-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.  
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.  
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).  
3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.  
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
1.3 Two test methods are included:  
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.  
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.  
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.  
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.  
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2559-12a(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction or other uses where a high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.  
1.2 This specification includes test methods that may be referenced by specific product standards for the evaluation and approval of structural wood adhesives. Methods are included to evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
Note 1: Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 regarding the intent and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.  
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications and levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading, cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and other use conditions. It is the intent of this standard to determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various levels of severity and conditions with specific and appropriate test methods and requirements.
Note 2: This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for different chemical types of adhesives.  
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:  
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3 and meeting requirements in 14.4.  
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at elevated temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting requirements in 15.4.  
1.4.3 Resistance to creep under static load by subjecting test specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of test specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high humidity and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.  
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of treated wood.
Note 3: When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon between the chemical manufacture and the user.
Note 4: Additional durability testing may also be required as specified by individual product standards. Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 for additional information and guidance as to the type of durability testing that may be appropriate to supplement this specification when characterizing the adhesive for suitability with specific wood products.  
1.5 The evaluation of adhesives for use in ground contact and marine exposures are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.6 The evaluation of binder adhesives is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and a commentary which provide explanatory material. These notes, footnotes and commentary (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated ...

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off