ASTM C454-10(2017)

Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2017
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.04 - Chemical Behaviors

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C454 − 10 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope period, the temperature distribution over the hearth shall not
vary more than 615 °F (8 °C).
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refrac-
tories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated
3.3 Potassium Carbonate (K CO )—Anhydrous granular.
2 3
temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in
service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the
4. Test Specimens
probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not more
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
than one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.2 Two-inch (51-mm) cube specimens are cut from the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
shapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the original
and are not considered standard.
surfaces as possible.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 A hole ⁄8 in. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm)
deep is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
2by2by ⁄4 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Procedure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230 °F (105 to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
110 °C) for at least 1 h. Place8gofK CO in the hole of each
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2 3
specimen, and then place a lid over each hole.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using coke
2. Significance and Use
breeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain a
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack
distance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wall
at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using
1
of the sagger and any specimen, and not less than ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon
between specimens. Cover the uppermost specimen with a
refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables,
layer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place a
including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence
close-fitting cover on the sagger.The lid may be sealed in place
of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in
around the outside of the sagger by the use of air-setting
product development and for relative comparisons in applica-
refractory mortar.
tion work such as in blast furnace service.
5.3 Heat the sagger assembly in the kiln at a rate not
3. Apparatus and Materials
exceeding 360 °F (200 °C)⁄h until 1750 °F (955 °C) is
reached; maintain that temperature within 615 °F (8.5 °C) for
3.1 Sagger—A sagger, and coke breeze passing a No. 4
(4.75-mm) sieve. 5h.
3.2 Kiln—The kiln shall be capable of maintaining the 5.4 During the cooling period, remove the specimens from
specified rate of heating. During the temperature holding
the sagger before they reach 210 °F (100 °C) and store, until
examined and photographed, in a desiccator or drying oven
1
operating at 220 to 230 °F (105 to 110 °C).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical
NOTE 1—If there is a delay between preparing (5.1) and heating (5.3)
Behaviors.
the specimens, store them or the sagger-specimen assemblage in a
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C454 – 10. DOI: desiccator or in an oven maintained at 220 to 230 °F (105 to 110 °C) until
10.1520/C0454-10R17. the procedure is continued.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C454 − 10 (2017)
6. Report 6.3 Typ
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C454 − 10 C454 − 10 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated
temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable
behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using
these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including
alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development
and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service.
3. Apparatus and Materials
3.1 Sagger—A sagger, and coke breeze passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
3.2 Kiln—The kiln shall be capable of maintaining the specified rate of heating. During the temperature holding period, the
temperature distribution over the hearth shall not vary more than 615°F (8°C).615 °F (8 °C).
3.3 Potassium Carbonate (K CO )—Anhydrous granular.
2 3
4. Test Specimens
4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not more than one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.
4.2 Two-inch (51-mm) cube specimens are cut from the shapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the original surfaces
as possible.
7
4.3 A hole ⁄8 in. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm) deep is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.
1
4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately 2 by 2 by ⁄4 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.
5. Procedure
5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230°F230 °F (105 to 110°C)110 °C) for at least 1 h. Place 8 g of K CO in the hole
2 3
of each specimen, and then place a lid over each hole.
5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using coke breeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain a
1
distance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wall of the sagger and any specimen, and not less than ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010May 1, 2017. Published December 2010May 2017. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20072010 as
C454–83(2007).C454 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/C0454-10.10.1520/C0454-10R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C454 − 10 (2017)
between specimens. Cover the uppermost specimen with a layer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place a close-fitting
cover on the sagger. The lid may be sealed in place around the outside of the sagger by the use of air-setting refractory mortar.
5.3 Heat the sagger assembly in the kiln at a rate not exceeding 360°F (200°C)/h360 °F (200 °C) ⁄h until 1750°F (955°C)1750 °F
(955 °C) is reached; maintain that temperature within 615°F (8.5°C)615 °F (8.5 °C) for 5 h.
5.4 During the cooling period, remove the specimens from the sagg
...