ASTM D1840-22

Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for naphthalene hydrocarbons is one of a group of tests used to assess the combustion characteristics of aviation turbine fuels of the kerosene boiling range. The naphthalene hydrocarbon content is determined because naphthalenes, when burned, tend to have a relatively larger contribution to a sooty flame, smoke, and thermal radiation than single ring aromatics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315 °C (600 °F). The range of concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method was 0.08 % to 5.6 % by volume. This test method determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes that could be present.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1840 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E169 PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
Quantitative Analysis
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedetermination,byultraviolet
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons
in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels
3. Terminology
containing not more than 5 % of such components and having
end points below 315 °C (600 °F).The range of concentrations 3.1 Definitions:
used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorp-
precision statements for this test method was 0.08 % to 5.6 %
tion spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Termi-
by volume. This test method determines the maximum amount
nology E131. Terms of particular significance are the follow-
of naphthalenes that could be present.
ing:
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
netic waves.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1.3 radiant power, P, n—rate at which energy is trans-
ported in a beam of radiant energy.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
expressed by
For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
A 5 log 1/T 52log T (1)
~ !
10 10
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
where:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It may be necessary to correct the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
by compensating for reflectance losses, solvent absorption
losses, or refraction effects.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
length, expressed by
a 5 A/bc (2)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
where:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods. A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally
b = sample cell path length, and
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1840 – 07 (2017).
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
DOI: 10.1520/D1840-22.
volume of solvent.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The law
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1840 − 22
TABLE 1 Interfering Compounds
statesthattheabsorbanceofahomogeneoussamplecontaining
an absorbing substance is directly proportional to the concen- Error in Percentage of
Type of Interfering Compound Naphthalenes Caused by 1 %
tration of the absorbing substance
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1840 − 07 (Reapproved 2017) D1840 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing
not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315 °C (600 °F); however, the (600 °F). The range of
concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method were
0.03 % to 4.25 % by volume for Procedure A, and was 0.08 % to 5.6 % by volume for Procedure B. volume. This test method
determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Terminology E131.
Terms of particular significance are the following:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 15, 2022. Published November 2017January 2023. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20132017
as D1840 – 07 (2013).(2017). DOI: 10.1520/D1840-07R17.10.1520/D1840-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1840 − 22
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.1.3 radiant power, P, n—rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by
A 5 log ~1/T! 52log T (1)
10 10
where:
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
It may be necessary to correct the observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer) by compensating for reflectance
losses, solvent absorption losses, or refraction effects.
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by
a 5 A/bc (2)
where:
A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit volume of solvent.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are based upon the ab
...