ASTM D7873-13e2
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions.
5.2 Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, resulting in varnish formation during field service. The level of varnish formation in service will be dependent on many factors (turbine design, reservoir temperature, duty-cycle, for example. peaking, cycling, or base-load duty, maintenance, and so forth) and a direct correlation between results in this test and field varnish formation are yet to be established.
5.3 Oxidation condition at 120 °C under accelerated oxidation environment of Test Method D4310 and measurement of sludge and RPVOT value could reflect a practical oil quality in actual turbine operations. Results from this test should be used together with other key lubricant performance indicators (including other established oxidation and corrosion tests) to indicate suitability for service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the oxidation process in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst (copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method may be used to evaluate industrial oils (for example, circulating oils and so forth).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the same kinds of oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old equipment based on non-SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
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´2
Designation: D7873 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles
Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the
1
Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 3 was corrected editorially in May 2014.
2
ε NOTE—Subsection 13.2 was corrected editorially in August 2015.
1. Scope and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
may be prohibited by law.
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging
tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the
2. Referenced Documents
oxidation process in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method
A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire
may be used to evaluate industrial oils (for example, circulat-
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)
ing oils and so forth).
3
(Withdrawn 2011)
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
same kinds of oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the
Mineral Oils
presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
standard.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the
Petroleum Products
figures are provided for information only for those using old
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and
equipment based on non-SI units.
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.2 Other Standards:
4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specification for IP Standard Thermometers
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use—
5
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
Specification and Test Methods
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to 3. Terminology
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
3.1 Definitions:
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on www.astm.org.
4
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Subcommittee D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
5
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D7873-13E02. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
D7873 − 13
3.1.1 sludge, n—a precipitate or sediment from oxidized 6.2.1.1 Use of heated liquid baths that are designed and
mineral oil that is insoluble in n-heptane. constructed of metal, or combinations of metals and other
suitable opaque materials, that prevent light from entering the
4. Summary of Test Method
test cell from the sides is preferred. If a viewing window is
4.1 Atotalofsixtoeighttubescontaining360mLofsample includedinthedesign,thisviewingwindo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2 ´2
Designation: D7873 − 13 D7873 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles
Formation of Inhibited Turbine Oils at 120 °C Without the
1
Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 3 was corrected editorially in May 2014.
2
ε NOTE—Subsection 13.2 was corrected editorially in August 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the sludging tendencies of steam and gas turbine lubricants during the oxidation process
in the presence of oxygen and metal catalyst (copper and iron) at an elevated temperature. This test method may be used to evaluate
industrial oils (for example, circulating oils and so forth).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D4310 where the sludging and corrosion tendencies of the same kinds
of oils are determined after 1000 h at 95 °C in the presence of water. Water is omitted in this modification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in some of the figures are provided for information only for those using old
equipment based on non-SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric) (Withdrawn
3
2011)
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D7873-13E01.10.1520/D7873-13E02.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
D7873 − 13
2.2 Other Standards:
4
Specification for IP Standard Thermometers
5
ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use—Specification and Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 sludge, n—a precipitate or sediment from oxidized mineral oil that is insoluble in n-heptane.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A total of six to eight tubes containing 360 mL of sample each are heated at 120 °C with oxygen in the presence of an
iron-copper catalyst. Each tube is removed over time and the sample is analyzed by Test Method D2272 and the insolubles are
measured unt
...
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