ASTM D4337-89(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process.
The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds.
Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use.
The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product.
The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.
The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing.
FIG. 1 Typical Gas Chromatic Scan of an Alkylate
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses.
Note 1—Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.
1.2 The test methods appear as follows: SectionComposition by Gas Chromatography7-15Chlorides16-27Color28-30Refractive Index31-33Specific Gravity34-36Water37-39
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. See also NOTE 1 and Section 21.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4337–89(Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
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Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests
Cobalt Scale)
applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those prop-
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
ertieswhichcharacterizelineardetergentalkylateswithrespect
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
to its suitability for desired uses.
D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
NOTE 1—Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate character-
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cialty Chemicals
istics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur
that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
3.1 These test methods are suitable for setting specifications
Section
on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where
Composition by Gas Chromatography 7-15
Chlorides 16-27 these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufactur-
Color 28-30
ing process.
Refractive Index 31-33
3.2 The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying
Specific Gravity 34-36
Water 37-39
linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufactur-
ing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small uni-
them for hazards prior to usage. See also Note 1 and Section
dentified components are reported as tetralins and unidenti-
21.
fieds.
3.3 Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing
2. Referenced Documents
2
process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not
D270 Method of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
excessive for a particular end use.
ucts
3.4 The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining
D1122 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
thatthecolorofthelineardetergentalkylatewillnotcontribute
Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants ByThe
to the color of the end use product.
Hydrometer
3.5 The refractive index and specific gravity tests are
possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on
and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.
Soaps and other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.6 The water test is suitable for determining that linear
D12.12 on Analysis of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents.
Current edition approved May 26, 1989. Published June 1990. Originally
detergentalkylatesdonotcontainamountsofwaterdeleterious
published as D4337 – 84. Last previous edition D4337 – 84a. DOI: 10.1520/D4337-
to further processing.
89R03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4337–89 (2003)
FIG. 1 Typical Gas Chromatic Scan of an Alkylate
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