ASTM D5279-99

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The torsional data generated may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the modulus as a function of temperature of plastics using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, as outlined in Practice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage), loss (viscous), and complex moduli and tan delta, as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled without changing the observed data by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5279-01 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8349-21 - Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specifications for Thermoplastic Joining Interface Materials for Creation of Joints Between Different Materials for the Production of End Items or Parts that are Intended to be Disassembled and/or Reassembled
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4065-20 - Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5418-15 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6382/D6382M-99(2022) - Standard Practice for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetry of Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane Material
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5279 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics in
Torsion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
Insulating Materials for Testing
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical
D 4065 Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic
instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic
Mechanical Properties of Plastics
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
D 4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
posite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded
Measurements of Plastics
directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The
torsional data generated may be used to identify the thermo-
3. Terminology
mechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.
3.1 For definitions applicable to this test method, refer to
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
Terminology D 4092.
determining the modulus as a function of temperature of
plastics using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, as
4. Summary of Test Method
outlined in Practice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage), loss
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the shear
(viscous), and complex moduli and tan delta, as a function of
modulus of plastics using dynamic mechanical techniques. A
frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant
test specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in dynamic
transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the poly-
torsion. The specimen is gripped longitudinally between two
meric material system.
clamps. The specimen of known geometry is placed in me-
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
chanical torsional displacement at either a fixed frequency, or
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
variable frequencies at either isothermal conditions, or with a
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained
linear temperature increase. The elastic or loss modulus, or
under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ-
both, of the polymeric material system are measured in torsion.
ences from results observed in another study can usually be
reconciled without changing the observed data by reporting in
5. Significance and Use
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of character-
which the data were obtained.
izing the thermomechanical behavior of plastics materials
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may
appropriate for use in engineering design.
be used for quality control, research and development, and
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
establishment of optimum processing conditions.
standard.
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of a material versus temperature provide graphical representa-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
(thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under
specified conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 This test method can be used to assess
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature,
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orien-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
tation,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
published as D 5279 – 92. Last previous edition D 5279 – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
2 4
Dynamic mechanical instrumentation is available from Rheometrics, Inc., The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss moduli and tan
Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating principles.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
D 5279
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure 9. Calibration
and damping,
9.1 Calibrate the instrument using procedures recommended
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabri-
by the manufacturer.
cation) on elastic modulus, and
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect 10. Conditioning
processability or performance.
10.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23.0 6
2.0°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not fewer than 40 h
6. Interferences
prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618
6.1 Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is
for those materials requiring conditioning.
essential that the specimens be representative of the material
11. Procedure
being tested.
11.1 Use an untested specimen for each measurement.
7. Apparatus
Measure the width and thickness of the specimen to the nearest
0.03 mm at the center of the specimen.
7.1 The function of the apparatus is to hold a rectangular
11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the movable and
test specimen so that the material acts as the elastic and
stationary members; use shim stock, if necessary, to minimize
dissipative element in a mechanically driven torsional system.
slippage within the clamp.
Dynamic mechanical instruments operate at a forced, constant
11.3 Preload the test specimen so that there is a positive
amplitude, and either at a fixed frequency, or variable frequen-
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