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ASTM A959-00a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for stainless steel products.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition from Test Methods, Practices and Terminology A 751.
1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less than 10.5 % minimum chromium.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established by ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding filler metal.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
77.140.20 - Stainless steels
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A959-01 - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM A1040-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM A582/A582M-22 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM A959-00a - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless SteelsASTM A959-00a - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
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ASTM A959-00a - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 959 – 00a An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for
Wrought Stainless Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 SAE Standards:
J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and
1.1 This standard provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees
Alloys
A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying
HS-1086 FEB93 Metals and Alloys in the Unified Number-
chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is
ing System
intended that these recommended grade composition limits be
suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that
3. Terminology
prepare standards for stainless steel products.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for
3.1.1 austenitic grade, n— is a metallurgical term meaning
determining the number of significant figures for specifying
that the material is usually predominantly face-centered cubic
chemical composition from Test Methods, Practices and Ter-
in structure and hardenable only by cold working.
minology A 751.
3.1.2 austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grade, n—is a metallurgi-
1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel
cal term meaning that the material is a mixture of austenitic and
grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM
ferritic structures, with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase,
subcommittees have been included, except those grades appli-
and hardenable only by cold working.
cable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less
3.1.3 ferritic grade, n—is a metallurgical term meaning that
than 10.5 % minimum chromium.
the material is body-centered cubic in structure (with little, if
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications
any, tempered martensite) and hardenable only slightly by cold
which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to
working (responding little or only slightly to conventional heat
accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance
treatment by quenching and tempering).
fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
3.1.4 martensitic grade, n—is a metallurgical term meaning
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established
that the material is capable of being produced in a distorted
by ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalization
body-centered cubic structure by conventional heat treating
of all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-
and quenching, and that the quenched structure is capable of
standing practices and is not justified by special technical
conventional tempering. Martensitic grades are delivered in the
effect.
annealed (ferritic) condition or the hardened and tempered
1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding
(martensitic) condition.
filler metal.
3.1.5 precipitation hardening grade, n—is a metallurgical
2. Referenced Documents term meaning that the material may be basically austenitic or
martensitic in structure and hardenable by precipitation hard-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ening (sometimes called age hardening).
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
3.1.6 standard stainless steel grade, n—the listed chemical
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
2 composition associated with a stainless steel grade identified
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
by a particular UNS number appearing in SAE publication
HS-1086 FEB93, except as modified by an ASTM subcommit-
tee having oversight of a wrought stainless steel product where
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, such a modification is justified by a specific technical effect.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.96 on Harmonization of Wrought Stainless Steel Requirements.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.06,
published as A 959 – 96. Last previous edition A 959 – 00.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standard
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 959
composition limits listed in this guide for the grades identified 5.5 Silicon—Past practice has been to establish 0.75 %
by the corresponding UNS designation in the product specifi- maximum for tubular related products such as flat rolled and
cation unless there is a specific technical justification for doing tubulars, and 1.00 % maximum for long products and forgings.
otherwise. The compositions in this guide shall not be consid- For grades produced both as long and flat-rolled products, 1 %
ered as chemical requirements for any particular product until maximum was chosen since it will also include products
adopted by the subcommittee overseeing that product. melted to lower limits. Use of lower or higher limits should be
4.2 Assuming that uniform compositions among the many based on specific technical effect.
product standards for stainless steel are desirable, the compo-
5.6 Chromium—A composition spread of 2 % is recom-
sition limits provided in this standard are to be used as guides mended; existing broader limits were not reduced to less than
in determining limits for each of the elements included in the
a 3 % spread.
total composition of each grade. The composition limits have
5.7 Nickel—It is recommended that the composition spread
been established with the intent that each product subcommit-
not exceed 3 % unless a broader (generally higher) spread is
tee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number of
justified by specific technical effect.
changes to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists the
5.8 Molybdenum—It is recommended that the composition
general guidelines followed for determining the limits for each
spread not exceed 1 %, unless a broader range is justified by
element; the limits established in this guide are based on these
specific technical effect. Molybdenum limits having only a
guidelines.
maximum limit but no minimum should not be used unless
4.3 Not included in this standard stainless steel grade
justified by specific technical effect.
harmonization effort is an attempt to unify stainless steel
5.9 Nitrogen—It is recommended that nitrogen limits hav-
compositions in ASTM product standards by any means other
ing only a maximum limit but no minimum should not be used
than recognizing current industry practices.
unless justified by specific technical effect.
5.10 Copper—It is recommended that copper limits having
5. General Guidelines Used for Determining Composition
only a maximum limit but no minimum should not be used
Limits
unless justified by specific technical effect.
5.1 Carbon—It is recommended that limits be to only two
5.11 Columbium and Tantalum—Except for special appli-
decimal places for levels of 0.04 % and higher because it is not
cations requiring positive identification of tantalum, it is
necessary to control to such precision at levels above 0.04 %.
recommended that prior listings of these two elements together
(It should be recognized that limits such as 0.045 % maximum
be limited to listing only columbium. The words “columbium”
may also be simply stated as 0.04 % maximum.) It is also
and “niobium” refer to the same element.
recommended that three decimal places be used at levels of
0.030 % and lower, unless, for example, it is clearly recognized
6. Harmonized Standard Grade Stainless Steel
that 0.03 % maximum means that 0.035 % is satisfactory.
Compositions
5.2 Manganese—Except for the Cr-Ni-Mn grades
6.1 The harmonized composition limits are shown in Table
(S2XXXX), it is recommended that limits of 2 % maximum
1, grouped by metallurgical classification, that is, austenitic,
and 1 % maximum be used for the austenitic and other grades
austenitic-ferritic, etc. Within those groups, grades are listed by
respectively, except for the free machining grades with high
UNS designation, in numerical order.
sulfur or selenium, or when necessary to promote nitrogen
6.2 Unless adopted by the appropriate product subcommit-
solubility.
tee in a product standard, the compositions described in this
5.3 Phosphorous—It is recommended that 0.045 % maxi-
guide shall not be used for specifying an ASTM product.
mum be applied to austenitic grades, and 0.040 % maximum to
other grades unless the sponsoring producer recommends a
7. Keywords
lower limit for specific technical effect. Exception—some of
the Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic grades have always been produced to 7.1 austenitic stainless steels; austenitic-ferritic or ferritic-
0.060 % maximum. austenitic stainless steels; duplex stainless steels; ferritic stain-
5.4 Sulfur—It is recommended that 0.030 % maximum be less steels; harmonized stainless steel compositions; martensi-
applied to all grades except the free-machining grades unless tic stainless steels; precipitation hardening stainless steels;
lower limits have been required for specific technical effects. standard stainless steel grade compositions
A 959
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits, %
UNS Phos- Other
B
Type Carbon Manganese Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Copper
Designation phorous Elements
Austenitic Grades
C
S16800 16-8-2H 0.05–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 14.5–16.5 7.5–9.5 1.50–2.00 . . . . . . . . .
S20100 201 0.15 5.5–7.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 3.5–5.5 . . . 0.25 . . . . . .
S20103 201L 0.03 5.5–7.5 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 3.5–5.5 . . . 0.25 . . . . . .
C
S20153 201LN 0.03 6.4–7.5 0.045 0.015 1.00 16.0–17.5 4.0–5.0 . . . 0.10–0.25 . . . Cu 1.00
S20161 . . . 0.15 4.0–6.0 0.045 0.030 3.0–4.0 15.0–18.0 4.0–6.0 . . . 0.08–0.20 . . . . . .
S20200 202 0.15 7.5–10.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 4.0–6.0 . . . 0.25 . . . . . .
D
S20300 XM-1 0.08 5.0–6.5 0.045 0.18–0.35 1.00 16.0–18.0 5.0–6.5 . . . . . . . . . Cu 1.75–2.25
S20400 . . . . . . 0.030 7.0–9.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.0–17.0 1.50–3.00 . . . 0.15–0.30 . . .
S20430 . . . 0.15 6.5–9.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 15.5–17.5 1.50–3.50 . . . 0.05–0.25 2.0–4.0 . . .
S20500 205 0.12–0.25 14.0–15.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.5–18.0 1.00–1.75 . . . 0.32–0.40 . . . . . .
D
S20910 XM-19 0.06 4.0–6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.5–23.5 11.5–13.5 1.50–3.00 0.20–0.40 . . . Cb 0.10–0.30,
V 0.10–0.30
D
S21400 XM-31 0.12 14.0–16.0 0.045 0.030 0.30–1.00 17.0–18.5 1.00 . . . 0.35 min . . . . . .
D
S21460 XM-14 0.12 14.0–16.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 5.0–6.0 . . . 0.35–0.50 . . . . . .
S21500 . . . 0.06–0.15 5.5–7.0 0.045 0.030 0.2–1.0 14.0–16.0 9.0–11.0 0.80–1.20 . . . . . . Cb 0.75–1.25,
V 0.15–0.40,
B 0.003–0.009
D D
S21600 XM-17 0.08 7.5–9.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.5–20.5 5.0–7.0 2.00–3.00 0.25–0.50 . . . . . .
D D
S21603 XM-18 0.03 7.5–9.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.5–20.5 5.0–7.0 2.00–3.00 0.25–0.50 . . . . . .
S21800 . . . 0.10 7.0–9.0 0.060 0.030 3.5–4.5 16.0–18.0 8.0–9.0 . . . 0.08–0.18 . . . . . .
D
S21900 XM-10 0.08 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 . . . 0.15–0.40 . . . . . .
D
S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 . . . 0.15–0.40 . . . . . .
D
S24000 XM-29 0.08 11.5–14.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 2.3–3.7 . . . 0.20–0.40 . . . . . .
D
S24100 XM-28 0.15 11.0–14.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.5–19.0 0.50–2.50 . . . 0.20–0.45 . . . . . .
S28200 . . . 0.15 17.0–19.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 . . . 0.75–1.25 0.40–0.60 . . . Cu 0.75–1.25
S30100 301 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 6.0–8.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .
C
S30103 301L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 5.0–8.0 . . . 0.20 . . . . . .
C
S30153 301LN 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 5.0–8.0 . . . 0.07–0.20 . . . . . .
S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .
S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.00–3.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .
S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
D
S30310 XM-15 0.15 2.5–4.5 0.20 0.25 min 1.00 17.0–19.0 7.0–9.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30323 303Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 min
D
S30345 XM-2 0.15 2.00 0.05 0.11–0.16 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 0.40–0.60 . . . . . . Al 0.60–1.00
S30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30409 304H 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30415 . . . 0.04–0.06 0.80 0.045 0.030 1.00–2.00 18.0–19.0 9.0–10.0 . . . 0.12–0.18 . . . Ce 0.03–0.08
S30430 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 8.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . Cu 3.0–4.0
S30451 304N 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . .
D
S30452 XM-21 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–10.0 . . . 0.16–0.30 . . . . . .
S30453 304LN 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . . . .
C
S30454 304LHN 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . 0.16–0.30 . . . . . .
S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 11.0–13.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30600 . . . 0.018 2.00 0.020 0.020 3.7–4.3 17.0–18.5 14.0–15.5 0.20 . . . . . . Cu 0.50
S30601 . . . 0.015 0.50–0.80 0.030 0.013 5.0–5.6 17.0–18.0 17.0–18.0 0.20 0.05 . . . Cu 0.35
S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.0 10.0–12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30815 . . . 0.05–0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.40–2.00 20.0–22.0 10.0–12.0 . . . 0.14–0.20 . . . Ce 0.03–0.08
S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
S30909 309H 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
S30940 309Cb 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–16.0 Cb 10xC-1.10
C
S30941 309HCb 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–16.0 . . . . . . . . . Cb 10xC-1.10
C
S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 . . . . . . . . . .
S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
S31009 310H 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
S31040 310Cb 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 . . . . . . . . . Cb 10xC-1.10
C
S31041 310HCb 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 . . . . . . . . . Cb 10xC-1.
...

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Note 2: For free-machining stainless bars designed especially for optimum machinability, see Specification A582/A582M.
Note 3: There are standards covering high nickel, chromium, austenitic corrosion, and heat-resisting alloy materials. These standards are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee B02.07 and may be found in  Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 02.04.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A484/A484M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, Shapes, and Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished materials, except wire, for forging. The materials shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: (1) hot-worked; (2) hot-worked and annealed; (3) hot-worked, annealed and cold-worked; or (4) hot-worked, annealed, and heat-treated. Product analysis tolerances shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, columbium, tantalum, copper, aluminum, nitrogen, tungsten, vanadium, and selenium. The materials shall be heat treated and austenitic stainless steels and austenitic-ferritic grades shall be furnished in the solution annealed condition and shall conform to the required values of temperature, permitted annealing procedure, quenching, and rapid cooling.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A276/A276M, A314, A458, A477, A479/A479M, A564/A564M, A565/A565M, A582/A582M, A638/A638M, A705/A705M, and A831/A831M.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in Annex A1.  
1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A480/A480M.  
1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A555/A555M.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A493-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Cold Heading and Cold Forging

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-finished and hot-finished stainless steel wire and wire rods for cold heading or cold forging for applications, such as fasteners, where corrosion resistance is a factor. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition requirements. The material shall also conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties. All austenitic grades in the annealed condition or annealed and lightly drafted condition shall be capable of passing the criteria set by this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-finished and hot-finished stainless steel wire and wire rods for cold heading or cold forging for applications, such as fasteners, where corrosion resistance is a factor.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1016/A1016M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for ferritic alloy steel, austenitic alloy steel, and stainless steel tubes. The steel shall made by any process. The material shall conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in the individual product specification. Yield strength tests and elongation tests shall be made to conform to the requirements. Flattening test, reverse flattening test, reverse bend test, flaring test, flange test, hardness test, ultrasonic test, eddy current test, flux leakage test, and hydrostatic test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below.    
Title of Specification  
ASTM
DesignationA  
Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes  
A209/A209M  
Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater,
and Heat-Exchanger Tubes  
A213/A213M  
Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger,
and Condenser Tubes  
A249/A249M  
Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes  
A250/A250M  
Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel
Tubing for General Service  
A268/A268M  
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for
General Service  
A269/A269M  
Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic/Austenitic
Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing  
A270/A270M  
Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for
Low-Temperature Service  
A334/A334M  
Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes  
A688/A688M  
Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Breeder Reactor Core
Components  
A771/A771M  
Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing
for General Service  
A789/A789M  
Seamless and Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater
Tubes  
A803/A803M  
Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Duct
Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components  
A826/A826M  
High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic
Steel Condenser Tubes  
A851  
Welded Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater, Condenser,
and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Textured Surface(s)  
A1098/A1098M  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this general requirements specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this general requirements specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A314-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars for forging. The steel materials shall be annealed and conditioned by chipping or grinding. The steel specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen, and other elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars intended only for forging.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A965/A965M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for pressure and high temperature parts such as boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The grades covered here are F304, F304H, F304L, F304N, F304LN, F309H, F310, F310H, F316, F316H, F316L, F316N, F316LN, F321, F321H, F347, F347H, F348, F348H, FXM-19, FXM-11, and F46. Materials shall be produced by melting, forging, and rough machining, and shall be furnished by heat treatment in solution treated condition (solution annealing and quenching in water, oil, or a polymer water solution). Stainless steel specimens shall undergo heat and product analyses to evaluate the conformance of individual grades to specified elemental chemical compositions. Forgings shall also be examined for the adherence of each grade to required grain sizes and mechanical properties, which include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and associated equipment.  
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition, supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate.  
1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of Specification A336/A336M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1018/A1018M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for hot-rolled, heavy-thickness steel sheet and strip coils. The materials shall come in the following designations: (a) Commercial Steel (or CS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (b) Drawing Steel (DS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (c) Structural Steel (SS) of Grades 30[205], 33[230], 36[250] in Types 1 and 2, and 40[275]; (d) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS) of Grades 45[310], 50[340], 55[380], 60[410], 65[450], and 70[480] in Classes 1 and 2; (e) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F) of Grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]; and (f) Ultra-High Strength Steel (UHSS) of Grades 90[620] and 100[690], Types 1 and 2. The strip and sheet coils shall conform to specified limit in width and thickness. Carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium, nitrogen, and boron contents shall be followed as specified by each designations, classes, types, and grades. Tension tests shall be performed. Materials shall adhere to yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation requirements. Guidelines for workmanship, finish, and appearance are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.  
1.2 The product is available in six designations: Commercial Steel, Drawing Steel, Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength Steel.  
1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:    
Product  
Size Limits, Coils Only  
Width, in. [mm]  
Thickness, in. [mm]  
Strip  
Over 8 to 12, incl
[Over 200 to 300]  
0.230 to 1.000, incl
[From 6.0 through 25]  
Sheet  
Over 12
[Over 300]  
0.230 to 1.000, incl
[From 6.0 through 25]
Note 1: The changes in width limits with the publication of A635/A635M – 06a result in a change in tensile testing direction for material from 0.180 in. [4.5 mm] to 0.230 in. exclusive [6.0 mm exclusive] over 48 in. [1200 mm] wide as that material is now covered by Specification A568/A568M – 06a. The purchaser is advised to discuss this change with the supplier.  
1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:  
1.4.1 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.  
1.4.2 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate converted from coils is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now a plate, the requirements of the appropriate plate specification shall apply, except in cases where there is a conflict between the requirements of the plate specification and this specification. In these cases, the more restrictive limits of either specification shall apply.  
1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.  
1.4.4 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibi...

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ASTM
ASTM A960/A960M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings. The material shall consist of forgings, bars, plates, and seamless or welded tubular products. Ferritic steels shall be fully killed. Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular material. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. The following procedures shall be done for heat treatment: full annealing, solution annealing, isothermal annealing, normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatment, stress relieving, and quench and temper. Chemical analysis, heat analysis, and product analysis shall also be done. The chemical requirements shall conform to the required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, columbium, titanium, aluminum, lead, and copper. The following tests shall be done for the mechanical requirements: tension, hardness, impact, and hydrostatic tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covered in any of the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portions thereof:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
High Temperature Service  
A234/A234M    
Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless
Steel Piping Fittings  
A403/A403M    
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service  
A420/A420M    
Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding
Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness  
A758/A758M    
Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic
Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive
Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures  
A774/A774M    
Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,
and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings  
A815/A815M    
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel
Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service  
A858/A858M    
Specification for Wrought High-Strength
Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings  
A860/A860M  
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation [SI] of the product specification is specified in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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