ASTM D6671/D6671M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major weaknesses of many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of the interlaminar fracture resistance of composites is useful for product development and material selection. Since delaminations can be subjected to and extended by loadings with a wide range of mode mixtures, it is important that the composite toughness be measured at various mode mixtures. The toughness contour, in which fracture toughness is plotted as a function of mode mixtures (see Fig. 3), is useful for establishing failure criterion used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures made from these materials.
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on Gc of a particular composite material at various mode mixtures,
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of Gc versus mode mixture for composite materials with different constituents, and
5.2.3 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses.
5.3 This method can be used to determine the following delamination toughness values:
5.3.1 Delamination Initiation—Two values of delamination initiation shall be reported: (1) at the point of deviation from linearity in the load-displacement curve (NL) and (2) at the point at which the compliance has increased by 5 % or the load has reached a maximum value (5 %/max) depending on which occurs first along the load deflection curve (see Fig. 4). Each definition of delamination initiation is associated with its own value of Gc and GII/G calculated from the load at the corresponding critical point. The 5 %/Max Gc value is typically the most reproducible of the three Gc values. The NL value is, however, the more conservative number. When the option of collecting propagation values is taken (see 5...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of interlaminar fracture toughness, Gc, of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.
1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber tape laminates with brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrices. This test method is further limited to the determination of fracture toughness as it initiates from a delamination insert. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types of toughness values and for other classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see Section 6). This test method has been successfully used to test the toughness of both glass fiber composites and adhesive joints.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6671/D6671M − 13
StandardTest Method for
Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of
1
Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6671/D6671M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2651GuideforPreparationofMetalSurfacesforAdhesive
Bonding
1.1 This test method describes the determination of inter-
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
laminar fracture toughness, G , of continuous fiber-reinforced
c
D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading
Materials
ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber tape laminates with
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrices. This test
Composite Materials
method is further limited to the determination of fracture
D5528TestMethodforModeIInterlaminarFractureTough-
toughness as it initiates from a delamination insert. This
ness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix
limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin
Composites
testing. This test method may prove useful for other types of
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
toughness values and for other classes of composite materials;
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
however,certaininterferenceshavebeennoted(seeSection6).
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
This test method has been successfully used to test the
toughness of both glass fiber composites and adhesive joints. Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ASTM Test Methods
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3. Terminology
with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883 de-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of conflict
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence
2. Referenced Documents
over the other terminology standards.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
dimensionsarestatedimmediatelyfollowingtheterm(orlettersymbol)in
fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM standard sym-
bology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: [M]
1
for mass, [L] for length, [T] for time, [u] for thermodynamic temperature,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on and[nd]fornon-dimensionalquantities.Useofthesesymbolsisrestricted
Interlaminar Properties.
to analytical dimensions when used with square brackets, as the symbols
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
may have other definitions when used without the brackets.
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6671/D6671M–06.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
DOI: 10.1520/D6671_D6671M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.1 crack opening mode (Mode I)—fracture mode in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
which the delamination faces open away from each other and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. no relative crack face sliding occurs.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6671/D6671M − 06 D6671/D6671M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of
1
Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6671/D6671M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the determination of interlaminar fracture toughness, G , of continuous fiber-reinforced
c
composite materials at various Mode I to Mode II loading ratios using the Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) Test.
1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber tape laminates with brittle and
tough single-phase polymer matrices. This test method is further limited to the determination of fracture toughness as it initiates
from a delamination insert. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round robin testing. This test method may prove
useful for other types of toughness values and for other classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been
noted (see Section 6). This test method has been successfully used to test the toughness of both glass fiber composites and adhesive
joints.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.06 on Interlaminar
Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2006Oct. 1, 2013. Published March 2006November 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20042006
ε1
as D6671/D6671M – 04D6671/D6671M – 06. . DOI: 10.1520/D6671_D6671M-06.10.1520/D6671_D6671M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6671/D6671M − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883 defines terms
relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms
relating to statistics. In the event of conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminology
standards.
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical dimensions are stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) in
fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM standard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: [M] for mass,
[L]
...
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