ASTM D6245-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Indoor CO2 concentrations have been described and used by some people as an indicator of indoor air quality. These uses have included both appropriate and inappropriate interpretations of indoor CO2 concentrations. Appropriate uses include estimating expected levels of occupant comfort in terms of human body odor, studying occupancy patterns, investigating the levels of contaminants that are related to occupant activity, and screening for the sufficiency of ventilation rates relative to occupancy. Inappropriate uses include the application of simple relationships to determine outdoor air ventilation rates per person from indoor CO2 concentrations without verifying the assumptions upon which these relationships are based, and the interpretation of indoor CO2 concentrations as a comprehensive indicator of indoor air quality.
5.2 Outdoor air ventilation rates affect contaminant levels in buildings and building occupants' perception of the acceptability of the indoor environment. Minimum rates of outdoor air ventilation are specified in building codes and indoor air quality standards, for example, ASHRAE Standard 62. The compliance of outdoor air ventilation rates with relevant codes and standards are often assessed as part of indoor air quality investigations in buildings. The outdoor air ventilation rate of a building depends on the size and distribution of air leakage sites, pressure differences induced by wind and temperature, mechanical system operation, and occupant behavior. Given all of this information, ventilation rates are predictable; however, many of these parameters are difficult to determine in practice. Therefore, measurement is required to determine outdoor air change rates reliably.
5.3 The measurement of CO2 concentrations has been promoted as a means of determining outdoor air ventilation rates per person. This approach, referred to in this guide as equilibrium analysis, is based on a steady-state, single-zone mass balance of CO2 in the bui...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes how measured values of indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can be used in evaluations of indoor air quality and building ventilation.
1.2 This guide describes the determination of CO2 generation rates from people as a function of body size and level of physical activity.
1.3 This guide describes the experimentally-determined relationship between CO2 concentrations and the acceptability of a space in terms of human body odor.
1.4 This guide describes the following uses of indoor CO2 concentrations to evaluate building ventilation–mass balance analysis to determine the percent outdoor air intake at an air handler, the tracer gas decay technique to estimate whole building air change rates, and the constant injection tracer gas technique at equilibrium to estimate whole building air change rates.
1.5 This guide discusses the use of continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations as a means of evaluating building ventilation and indoor air quality.
1.6 This guide discusses some concentration measurement issues, but it does not include or recommend a method for measuring CO2 concentrations.
1.7 This guide does not address the use of indoor CO2 to control outdoor air intake rates.
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6245 − 18
Standard Guide for
Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate
1
Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This guide describes how measured values of indoor
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
carbon dioxide (CO ) concentrations can be used in evalua-
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tions of indoor air quality and building ventilation.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This guide describes the determination of CO genera-
2 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tion rates from people as a function of body size and level of
2. Referenced Documents
physical activity.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This guide describes the experimentally-determined re-
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
lationship between CO concentrations and the acceptability of
2
Atmospheres
a space in terms of human body odor.
D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-
1.4 This guide describes the following uses of indoor CO
2
dures
concentrations to evaluate building ventilation–mass balance
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single
analysis to determine the percent outdoor air intake at an air
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
handler, the tracer gas decay technique to estimate whole
2.2 Other Documents:
building air change rates, and the constant injection tracer gas
ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor
3
technique at equilibrium to estimate whole building air change
Air Quality
rates.
3. Terminology
1.5 This guide discusses the use of continuous monitoring
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this
of indoor and outdoor CO concentrations as a means of
2
guide, refer to Terminology D1356.
evaluating building ventilation and indoor air quality.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This guide discusses some concentration measurement
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the total volume of air passing
issues, but it does not include or recommend a method for
through a zone to and from the outdoors per unit time, divided
measuring CO concentrations.
2
–1 –1 4
by the volume of the zone (s ,h ).
1.7 This guide does not address the use of indoor CO to
2
3.2.2 bioeffluents, n—gases emitted by people as a product
control outdoor air intake rates.
of their metabolism that can result in unpleasant odors.
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.2.3 single-zone, n—an indoor space, or group of spaces,
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
wherein the CO concentration is uniform and that only
2
standard.
exchanges air with the outdoors.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Guide
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 When investigating indoor air quality and building
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- ventilation, a number of tools are available. One such tool is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality the ASTM website.
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6245 – 12. DOI: 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
4 -1
10.1520/D6245-18. Acommonwayofexpressingairchangerateunitsish =airchangesperhour.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6245 − 18
the measurement and interpretation of indoor and outdoor CO ships are based, and the i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6245 − 12 D6245 − 18
Standard Guide for
Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate
1
Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes how measured values of indoor carbon dioxide (CO ) concentrations can be used in evaluations of
2
indoor air quality and building ventilation.
1.2 This guide describes the determination of CO generation rates from people as a function of body size and level of physical
2
activity.
1.3 This guide describes the experimentally-determined relationship between CO concentrations and the acceptability of a
2
space in terms of human body odor.
1.4 This guide describes the following uses of indoor CO concentrations to evaluate building ventilation–mass balance analysis
2
to determine the percent outdoor air intake at an air handler, the tracer gas decay technique to estimate whole building air change
rates, and the constant injection tracer gas technique at equilibrium to estimate whole building air change rates.
1.5 This guide discusses the use of continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor CO concentrations as a means of evaluating
2
building ventilation and indoor air quality.
1.6 This guide discusses some concentration measurement issues, but it does not include or recommend a method for measuring
CO concentrations.
2
1.7 This guide does not address the use of indoor CO to control outdoor air intake rates.
2
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
2.2 Other Documents:
3
ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012June 1, 2018. Published May 2012June 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D6245 – 07.D6245 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6245-12.10.1520/D6245-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.30329,
http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6245 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the total volume of air passing through a zone to and from the outdoors per unit time, divided by the
–1 –1 4
volume of the zone (s , h ).
3.2.2 bioeffluents, n—gases emitted by people as a product of their metabolism that can result in unpleasant odors.
3.2.3 single-zone, n—an indoor space, or group of spaces, wherein the CO concentration is uniform and that only exchanges
2
air with the outdoors.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 When investigating indoor air quality and building ventilation, a number of
...
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