ASTM D3249-95(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
Standard Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of this practice is adequately covered in Section 1.
SCOPE
ual method, or analyzer chosen, depends on the ultimate aim of the user: whether it is for regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user of adverse trends. If the method or analyzer is to be used for federal or local compliance, it is recommended that the method published or referenced in the regulations be used in conjunction with this and other ASTM methods.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section .
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D3249 – 95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
General Ambient Air Analyzer Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thispracticeisageneralguideforambientairanalyzers 3.1 Definitions:
used in determining air quality. 3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthispracticeotherthan
1.2 The actual method, or analyzer chosen, depends on the those following, refer to Terminology D1356.
ultimate aim of the user: whether it is for regulatory compli- 3.1.2 analyzer—the instrumental equipment necessary to
ance,processmonitoring,ortoalerttheuserofadversetrends. perform automatic analysis of ambient air through the use of
If the method or analyzer is to be used for federal or local physical and chemical properties and giving either cyclic or
compliance, it is recommended that the method published or continuous output signal.
referenced in the regulations be used in conjunction with this 3.1.2.1 analyzer system—all sampling, analyzing, and read-
and other ASTM methods. out instrumentation required to perform ambient air quality
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the analysis automatically.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.2.2 sample system—equipment necessary to provide the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- analyzer with a continuous representative sample.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.2.3 readout instrumentation—output meters, recorder,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazard or data acquisition system for monitoring analytical results.
statements, see Section 6. 3.1.3 full scale—the maximum measuring limit for a given
range of an analyzer.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 interference—an undesired output caused by a sub-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stance or substances other than the one being measured. The
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
effect of interfering substance(s), on the measurement of
Atmospheres interest, shall be expressed as: (6) percentage change of
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
measurement compared with the molar amount of the interfer-
Atmosphere ent. If the interference is nonlinear, an algebraic expression
D3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
should be developed (or curve plotted) to show this varying
ation Tubes effect.
D3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of
3.1.5 lag time—the time interval from a step change in the
Methods of Committee D22 inputconcentrationattheanalyzerinlettothefirstcorrespond-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ing change in analyzer signal readout.
ASTM Test Methods 3.1.6 linearity—the maximum deviation between an actual
E200 PracticeforPreparation,Standardization,andStorage
analyzer reading and the reading predicted by a straight line
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis drawn between upper and lower calibration points. This
deviation is expressed as a percentage of full scale.
3.1.7 minimum detection limit—the smallest input concen-
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
tration that can be determined as the concentration approaches
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
zero.
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
3.1.8 noise—random deviations from a mean output not
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3249-95(2000).
caused by sample concentration changes.
DOI: 10.1520/D3249-95R05.
3.1.9 operating humidity range of analyzer—the range of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ambientrelativehumidityofairsurroundingtheanalyzer,over
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
which the analyzer will meet all performance specifications.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3249 – 95 (2005)
3.1.9.1 operating humidity range of sample—the range of 6. Hazards
ambient relative humidity of air which passes through the
6.1 Each analyzer installation should be given a thorough
analyzer’s sensing system, over which the monitor will meet 3
safety engineering study.
all performance specifications.
6.2 Electricallytheanalyzersystemaswellastheindividual
3.1.10 operational period—the period of time over which
components shall meet all code requirements for the particular
the analyzer can be expected to operate unattended within
area classification.
specifications.
6.2.1 All analyzers using 120-V, a-c, 60-Hz, 3-wire systems
3.1.11 operating temperature range of analyzer—the range should observe proper polarity and should not use mechanical
adapters for 2-wire outlets.
of ambient temperatures of air surrounding the analyzer, over
which the monitor will meet all performance specifications. 6.2.2 The neutral side of the power supply at the analyzer
should be checked to see that it is at ground potential.
3.1.11.1 operating temperature range of sample—the range
6.2.3 The analyzer’s ground connection should be checked
of ambient temperatures of air, which passes through the
to earth ground for proper continuity.
analyzer’s sensing system, over which the analyzer will meet
6.2.4 Any analyzer containing electrically heated sections
all performance specifications.
should have a temperature-limit device.
3.1.12 output—a signal that is related to the measurement,
6.2.5 Theanalyzer,andanyrelatedelectricalequipment(the
and intended for connection to a readout or data acquisition
system), should have a power cut-off switch, and a fuse or
device. Usually this is an electrical signal expressed as milli-
breaker, on the “hot” side of the line(s) of each device.
volts or milliamperes full scale at a given impedance.
6.3 Full consideration must be given to safe disposal of the
3.1.13 precision—see Practice D3670.
analyzer’s spent samples and reagents.
3.1.13.1 repeatability—a measure of the precision of the
6.4 Pressurereliefvalves,ifapplicable,shallbeprovidedto
analyzer to repeat its results on independent introductions of
protect both the analyzer and analyzer system.
the same sample at different time intervals. This is that
6.5 Precautions should be taken when using cylinders con-
differencebetweentwosuchsingleinstrumentresults,obtained
taining gases or liquids under pressure. Helpful guidance may
during a stated time interval, that would be exceeded in the 4
be obtained from Ref (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5).
long run in only one case in twenty when the analyzer is
6.5.1 Gascylindersmustbefastenedtoarigidstructureand
operating normally.
not exposed to direct sun light or heat.
3.1.13.2 reproducibility—a measure of the precision of
6.5.2 Specialsafetyprecautionsshouldbetakenwhenusing
different analyzers to repeat results on the same sample.
or storing combustible or toxic gases to ensure that the system
3.1.14 range—the concentration region between the mini- is safe and free from leaks.
mum and maximum measurable limits.
7. Installation of Analyzer System
3.1.15 response time—the time interval from a step change
7.1 Assure that information required for installation and
in the input concentration at the analyzer inlet to an output
operation of the analyzer system is supplied by the manufac-
reading of 90% of the ultimate reading.
turer.
3.1.16 rise time—response time minus lag time.
7.2 Study operational data and design parameters furnished
3.1.17 span drift—the change in analyzer output over a
by the supplier before installation.
stated time period, usually 24 h of unadjusted continuous
7.3 Review all sample requirements with the equipment
operation, when the input concentration is at a constant, stated
supplier. The supplier must completely understand the appli-
upscale value. Span drift is usually expressed as a percentage
cation and work closely with the user and installer. It is
change of full scale over a 24-h operational period.
absolutely necessary to define carefully all conditions of
3.1.18 zero drift—the change in analyzer output over a
intended operation, components in the atmosphere to be
statedtimeperiodofunadjustedcontinuousoperationwhenthe
analyzed, and expected variations in sample composition.
input concentration is zero; usually expressed as a percentage
7.4 Choose materials of construction in contact with the
change of full scale over a 24-h operational period.
ambient air sample to be analyzed to prevent reaction of
materials with the sample, sorption of components from the
4. Summary of Practice
sample, and entrance of contaminants through infusion or
diffusion (6), (7), (8), (9).
4.1 Aprocedure for ambient air analyzer practices has been
outlined. It presents definitions and terms, sampling informa-
tion,calibrationtechniques,methodsforvalidatingresults,and
The user, equipment supplier, and installer should be familiar with require-
general comments related to ambient air analyzer methods of
ments of the National Electrical Code, any local applicable electrical code, U.L.
analysis. This is intended to be a common reference method
Safety Codes, and the Occupational Safety & Health Standards (Federal Register,
which can be applied to all automatic analyzers in this Vol 36, No. 105, Part II, May 29, 1971). Helpful guidance may also be obtained
from API RP500, “Classification of Areas for Electrical Installations in Petroleum
category.
Refineries;” ISARP12.1, “Electrical Instruments in HazardousAtmospheres;” ISA
RP12.2, “Intrinsically Safe and Nonincendive Electrical Instruments;” ISARP12.4,
5. Significance and Use
“Instrument Purging for Reduction of Hazardous Area Classification;” and AP
RP550, “Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems, Part II.”
5.1 Thesignificanceofthispracticeisadequatelycoveredin
The boldface numbers in parentheses may be found in the Reference section at
Section 1. the end of this method.
D3249 – 95 (2005)
7.4.1 Choose materials of construction and components of test method repeatability limit, r, (see Practice E177) then that
theanalyzersystemtowithstandtheenvironmentinwhichitis test average must be discarded. (This assumes that a repeat-
installed. ability limit has been determined
...
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