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ASTM D8526-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing Particles in Ambient Atmospheres

Standard Test Method for Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing Particles in Ambient Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne carbon nanotubes in a wide range of ambient air situations and for evaluation of any atmosphere for carbon nanotube structures. Single carbon nanotube structures in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin single carbon nanotubes and is currently a reliable technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of nanotube structures. Carbon nanotubes are often found, not as single carbon nanotubes, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not be aggregated with other particles.  
5.2 This test method applies to the analysis of a single filter and describes the precision attributable to measurements for a single filter. Multiple air samples are usually necessary to characterize airborne nanotube structure concentrations across time and space. The number of samples necessary for this purpose is proportional to the variation in measurement across samples, which may be greater than the variation in measurement for a single sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-containing particles in ambient atmospheres.  
1.1.1 This test method is suitable for determination of carbon nanotubes in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary pore filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 25 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2023
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.07 - Sampling, Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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ASTM D8526-23 - Standard Test Method for Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing Particles in Ambient AtmospheresASTM D8526-23 - Standard Test Method for Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing Particles in Ambient Atmospheres
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ASTM D8526-23 - Standard Test Method for Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing Particles in Ambient Atmospheres
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8526 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Analytical Procedure Using Transmission Electron
Microscopy for the Determination of the Concentration of
Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-containing
1
Particles in Ambient Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8526; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method is an analytical procedure using trans-
mission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
the concentration of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-
containing particles in ambient atmospheres. Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
1.1.1 This test method is suitable for determination of
Atmosphere
carbon nanotubes in both ambient (outdoor) and building
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of
atmospheres.
Personal Sampling Pumps
1.2 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary
D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in
pore filters through which a known volume of air has been
Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by
drawn and for blank filters.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
1.3 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the
D7712 Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter
E2456 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
as analyzed exceeds approximately 25 % coverage of the 3
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
collection filter by particulate matter.
NIOSH 7400 Asbestos and Other Fibers by PCM
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded NIOSH 7402 Asbestos by TEM
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the test method, refer to Terminologies D1356, D7712, and E2456.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 analytical sensitivity, n—the calculated airborne nano-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tube structure concentration in nanotube structures per liter,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
equivalent to the counting of one nanotube structure in the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
analysis.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 carbon nanotube, n—an allotrope of carbon structur-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ally defined by a size of less than 100 nm in two or more
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling, the ASTM website.
3
Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles. Available from National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH),
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. DOI: 400 7th Street S.W., Suite 5W, Washington, D.C. 20024, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
10.1520/D8526-23. index.htm.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8526 − 23
dimensions and a tubular morphology often comprised of one 5. Significance and Use
or more coaxial cylinders of graphene (that is, walls).
5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of
3.2.2.1 Discussion—This method is also applicable to other
airborne carbon nanotubes in a wide range of ambient air
micrometer or nanometer size carbon fibers, including amor-
situations and for evaluation of any atmosphere for carbon
phous carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanorods,
nanotube structures. Single carbon nanotube
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulatory Requirements—The USA Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR Part 50, Appendix H) requires the implementation of a reactor vessel materials surveillance program for all operating LWRs. Other countries have similar regulations. The purpose of the program is to (1) monitor changes in the fracture toughness properties of ferritic materials in the reactor vessel beltline6 resulting from exposure to neutron irradiation and the thermal environment, and (2) make use of the data obtained from surveillance programs to determine the conditions under which the vessel can be operated with adequate margins of safety throughout its service life. Practice E185, derived mechanical property data, and (r, θ, z) physics-dosimetry data (derived from the calculations and reactor cavity and surveillance capsule measurements (1) using physics-dosimetry standards) can be used together with information in Guide E900 and Refs. 4, 11-18 to provide a relation between property degradation and neutron exposure, commonly called a “trend curve.” To obtain this trend curve at all points in the pressure vessel wall requires that the selected trend curve be used together with the appropriate (r, θ, z) neutron field information derived by use of this guide to accomplish the necessary interpolations and extrapolations in space and time.  
4.2 Neutron Field Characterization—The tasks required to satisfy the second part of the objective of 4.1 are complex and are summarized in Practice E853. In doing this, it is necessary to describe the neutron field at selected (r, θ, z) points within the pressure vessel wall. The description can be either time dependent or time averaged over the reactor service period of interest. This description can best be obtained by combining neutron transport calculations with plant measurements such as reactor cavity (ex-vessel) and surveillance capsule or RPV cladding (in-vessel) measurements, benchmark irradiations of dosimeter sensor materials, and knowledge of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the means and frequency of monitoring the neutron exposure of the LWR reactor pressure vessel throughout its operating life.  
1.2 The physics-dosimetry relationships determined from this guide may be used to estimate reactor pressure vessel damage through the application of Practice E693 and Guide E900, using fast neutron fluence (E > 1.0 MeV and E > 0.1 MeV), displacements per atom (dpa), or damage-function-correlated exposure parameters as independent exposure variables. Supporting the application of these standards are the E853, E944, E1005, and E1018 standards, identified in 2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off