ASTM D6890-11a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.
This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.
The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.
This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels.
This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 100 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D613, resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from 3.1 to 6.5 ms (64 to 33 DCN). The combustion analyzer can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition delays the correlation equation for DCN is given in Appendix X2. There is no information about how DCNs outside the 33 to 64 range compare to Test Method D613 cetane numbers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6890–11a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number
(DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant
,
1 2
Volume Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quan- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
titative determination of the ignition characteristics of conven- D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
tional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, blends of fuel D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
containingbiodieselmaterial,dieselfueloilscontainingcetane D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
number improver additives, and is applicable to products D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
typical ofASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D and 2-D Petroleum Products
regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.6- Products, and Lubricants
2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel Petroleum Products
blending components. D5854 PracticeforMixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples
1.2 Thistestmethodmeasurestheignitiondelayandutilizes of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injec- D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
tion into heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
ignition delay determination to cetane number byTest Method Measurement System Performance
D613, resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN). D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
3.1 to 6.5 ms (64 to 33 DCN). The combustion analyzer can Lubricants
measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may D6708 PracticeforStatisticalAssessmentandImprovement
be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition delays the of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
correlation equation for DCN is given inAppendix X2. There Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
is no information about how DCNs outside the 33 to 64 range E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
4
compare to Test Method D613 cetane numbers. 2.2 ISO Standards:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ISO 4010 Diesel Engines—Calibrating Nozzle, Delay
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Pintle Type
standard. ISO 4259 Petroleum products—Determination and applica-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the tion of precision data in relation to methods of test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.3 EN Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- EN 590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and
5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Test Methods
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.4 Energy Institute Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
3
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6890–11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6890-11A. the ASTM website.
2 4
This test method is based on IP PM CQ/2001, published in the IP Standard AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,25W.43rdSt.,4thfloor,
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British New York, NY 10036.
5
Standard 2000 Parts. Copyrighted by Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, Available from European Committee for Standardization. Central Secretariat:
London, W1G 7AR, UK. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute. rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6890–11 Designation:D6890–11a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number
(DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant
,
1 2
Volume Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional
diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number
improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and
low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.6-2000.The test method
may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection
into heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D613,
resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 Thistestmethodcoverstheignitiondelayrangefrom3.1to6.5ms(64to33DCN).Thecombustionanalyzercanmeasure
shorterandlongerignitiondelays,butprecisionmaybeaffected.Fortheseshorterorlongerignitiondelaysthecorrelationequation
for DCN is given inAppendix X2. There is no information about how DCNs outside the 33 to 64 range compare to Test Method
D613 cetane numbers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement of ExpectedAgreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4010 Diesel Engines—Calibrating Nozzle, Delay Pintle Type
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.01 on
Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved April 1,Nov. 15, 2011. Published AprilDecember 2011. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
D6890–10a.D6890–11. DOI: 10.1520/D6890-11A.
2
This test method is based on IP PM CQ/2001, published in the IP Standard Methods forAnalysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard
2000 Parts. Copyrighted by Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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