ASTM C1028-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method
Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The horizontal dynamometer pull meter and heel assemblies are designed to determine the static coefficient of friction of tile and like materials.
The measurement made by this apparatus is believed to be one important factor relative to slip resistance. Other factors can affect slip resistance, such as the degree of wear on the shoe and flooring material; presence of foreign material, such as water, oil, and dirt; the length of the human stride at the time of slip; type of floor finish; and the physical and mental condition of humans. Therefore, this test method should be used for the purpose of developing a property of the flooring surface under laboratory conditions, and should not be used to determine slip resistance under field conditions unless those conditions are fully described.
Because many variables may enter into the evaluation of slip resistance of a particular surface, this test method is designed to evaluate these surfaces under both laboratory and actual site installation conditions.
The static coefficient of friction is determined under both wet and dry conditions with Neolite heel assemblies over both unprepared and prepared (cleaned) test surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of static coefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces under both wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heel assemblies. This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C1028–07
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile
and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer
1
Pull-Meter Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the horizontal
componentofforcerequiredtoovercomeorhaveatendencyto
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of static
overcome friction to the vertical component of the object
coefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces under
weight or normal force applied through the object which tends
both wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heel
2
to cause the friction.
assemblies. This test method can be used in the laboratory or
3.1.2 friction—the resistance developed between the physi-
in the field.
cal contacting surface of two bodies when there is movement
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
or tendency for movement of one body relative to the other
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
parallel to the plane of contact.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.3 static coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the horizontal
and are not considered standard.
component of force applied to a body that just overcomes the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
friction or resistance to slipping to the vertical component of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the weight of the object or force applied to it.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The horizontal dynamometer pull meter and heel assem-
2. Referenced Documents blies are designed to determine the static coefficient of friction
of tile and like materials.
2.1 Rubber Manufacturing Association (RMA) Standard:
4.2 The measurement made by this apparatus is believed to
HS-3 Method of Test for Evaluating Adhesive Bondability
3 be one important factor relative to slip resistance. Other factors
of Shoe Soling Materials (1975)
can affect slip resistance, such as the degree of wear on the
3. Terminology shoe and flooring material; presence of foreign material, such
as water, oil, and dirt; the length of the human stride at the time
3.1 Definitions:
of slip; type of floor finish; and the physical and mental
condition of humans. Therefore, this test method should be
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
used for the purpose of developing a property of the flooring
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
surface under laboratory conditions, and should not be used to
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
determine slip resistance under field conditions unless those
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally
approved in 1984, (formerly P 155). Last previous edition approved in 1996 as
conditions are fully described.
C 1028 – 96, which was withdrawn in 2004 and reinstated in 2006.
4.3 Becausemanyvariablesmayenterintotheevaluationof
2
Neolite or an equivalent has been found satisfactory. Neolite is a registered
slip resistance of a particular surface, this test method is
trademark of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Shoe Product Division, Windsor,
designed to evaluate these surfaces under both laboratory and
VT 05089 and may be obtained from Smithers Scientific Services, Inc., 425 W.
MarketSt.,Akron,OH44303(Attn:TechnicalDirector).Specify“Neolite(Break-in
actual site installation conditions.
Compound),” RMA Spec. HS-3, Size 36 by 44 in., 6 irons, Color: Natural 11,
4.4 The static coefficient of friction is determined under
Specific Gravity 1.27 6 0.02, Hardness Shore A93-96.
3
both wet and dry conditions with Neolite heel assemblies over
Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1901 Pennsylvania Ave.,
NW, Washington, DC 20006. RMA Specification #HS-3. both unprepared and prepared (cleaned) test surfaces.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1028–07
FIG. 2 Test Assembly
5.3 Standard Neolite Sled Assemblies, two, one to be used
for each of the wet and dry conditions.
3
5.3.1 Two assemblies, constructed from 8 by 8 by ⁄4-in.
6061-T6 aluminum plate or similar material, with 3 by 3 by
1
⁄8-in. Neolite material attached to
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.