ASTM D7283-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation Counting
Standard Test Method for Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation Counting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the measurement of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations in the analyses of environmental and drinking waters. For samples submitted to satisfy regulatory or permit requirements, the submitter should assure that this or any other method used is acceptable to the regulator or permit issuer.
5.2 This test method is also applicable to the direct analysis of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations in water when low detection limits are not required. Direct analysis provides a rapid method for determination of gross alpha- and beta-activity concentrations when low detection limits are not required.
5.3 This test method is not capable of discriminating among alpha emitting radionuclides or among beta emitting radionuclides. Those intending to identify and quantify specific radionuclides should use test methods specific to the radionuclides of interest.
5.4 This test method may not be cited as a method for the determination of gross alpha- or beta-activity concentrations in a solid/soil matrix or the acid digestate of the same. The use of this test method for such applications brings the potential for serious bias and incomparability of results dependent on the matrix constituents, manner of sample preparation or treatment, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in a homogeneous water sample. It is applicable to alpha emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.11 Bq/L (3 pCi/L) and beta emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.15 Bq/L (4 pCi/L). This test method is not applicable to samples containing radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis.
1.2 This test method may also be used for the direct measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in homogeneous water samples with alpha emitter activity concentration levels above 1.8 Bq/L (50 pCi/L) and beta emitter activity concentration levels above 3.7 Bq/L (100 pCi/L).
1.3 This test method was tested using single-operator tests.2,3 A collaborative study following the U.S. EPA “Protocol for the Evaluation of Alternate Test Procedures for Analyzing Radioactive Contaminants in Drinking Water” was performed. The results of this study are on file at ASTM Headquarters.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to pCi/L that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. An exception is noted in Section 14.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7283 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation
1
Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of gross
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in a homogeneous
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
water sample. It is applicable to alpha emitters with activity
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
concentration levels above 0.11 Bq/L (3 pCi/L) and beta
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.15 Bq/L (4
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pCi/L). This test method is not applicable to samples contain-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
analysis.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method may also be used for the direct
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations
in homogeneous water samples with alpha emitter activity
2. Referenced Documents
concentration levels above 1.8 Bq/L (50 pCi/L) and beta
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
emitter activity concentration levels above 3.7 Bq/L (100
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
pCi/L).
D1125Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
1.3 This test method was tested using single-operator
tivity of Water
2,3
tests. AcollaborativestudyfollowingtheU.S.EPA“Protocol
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
for the Evaluation of Alternate Test Procedures for Analyzing
D1890Test Method for Beta Particle Radioactivity ofWater
Radioactive Contaminants in Drinking Water” was performed.
D1943Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of
4
The results of this study are on file at ASTM Headquarters.
Water
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
conversions to pCi/L that are provided for information only D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
and are not considered standard. An exception is noted in Engaged in Analysis of Water
Section 14. D4448GuideforSamplingGround-WaterMonitoringWells
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1 D6001Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
Environmental Site Characterization
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
cal Analysis.
D7902Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7283 – 13. DOI:
ASTM Test Methods
10.1520/D7283-17.
2
Wong,C.T.,Soliman,V.M.,andPerera,S.K., Journal of Radioanalytical and
Nuclear Chemistry, Vol 264, No. 2, 2005, pp. 357–363.
3
Ruberu, S.R., Liu, Y.G., and Perera, S.K., Health Physics, Vol 95, No. 4,
5
October 2008, pp. 397–406. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D19-1195.ContactASTMCustomer Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Service at service@astm.org. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7283 − 17
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to location, shielding of the detector, and the electronics; such
Determine the Precision of a Test Method background includes cosmic rays, contaminating radioactivity,
and electronic noise.
2.2 Other Standards and Publications:
3.2.7 figure of merit, n—a n
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7283 − 13 D7283 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation
1
Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in a homogeneous water sample.
It is applicable to alpha emitters with activity concentration levels above 0.11 Bq/L (3 pCi/L) and beta emitters with activity
concentration levels above 0.15 Bq/L (4 pCi/L). This test method is not applicable to samples containing radionuclides that are
volatile under conditions of the analysis.
1.2 This test method may also be used for the direct measurement of gross alpha- and beta- activity concentrations in
homogeneous water samples with alpha emitter activity concentration levels above 1.8 Bq/L (50 pCi/L) and beta emitter activity
concentration levels above 3.7 Bq/L (100 pCi/L).
2,3
1.3 This test method was tested using single-operator tests. A collaborative study following the U.S. EPA “Protocol for the
Evaluation of Alternate Test Procedures for Analyzing Radioactive Contaminants in Drinking Water” was performed. The results
4
of this study are on file at ASTM Headquarters.
1.4 Standard methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 may be published for a limited time preliminary to the
completion of full collaborative study validation. Such standards are deemed to have met all other D19 qualifying requirements
but have not completed the required validation studies to fully characterize the performance of the Test Method across multiple
laboratories and matrices. Preliminary publication is done to make current technology accessible to users of standards, and to
solicit additional input from the user community.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisThe values
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to pCi/L that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
An exception is noted in Section 14standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1890 Test Method for Beta Particle Radioactivity of Water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published April 2013June 2017. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as D7283
– 06.13. DOI: 10.1520/D7283-13.10.1520/D7283-17.
2
Wong, C. T., Soliman, V. M., and Perera, S. K., Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol 264, No. 2, 2005, pp. 357–363.
3
Ruberu, S.R., Liu, Y.G., and Perera, S.K., Health Physics, Vol 95, No. 4, October 2008, pp. 397–406.
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D19-1195. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7283 − 17
D1943 Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling
...
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