ASTM F1806-97
(Practice)Standard Practice for Tire Testing Operations—Basic Concepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use
Standard Practice for Tire Testing Operations—Basic Concepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
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Designation: F 1806 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Tire Testing Operations–Basic Concepts and Terminology
1
for Reference Tire Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire 3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of
testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the
reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing candidate tires being evaluated for their performance charac-
programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on teristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark”
various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give
outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous
practice is to develop some elementary principles for such approaches have been adopted using different terminology for
testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this
will improve communication among those conducting these practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and
tests as well as those using the results of such testing. terminology on this topic.
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a
4. Summary of the Practice
statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in
4.1 Elementary testing concepts, terms, and definitions are
Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual
developed in hierarchical or sequential order beginning with
foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will
basic testing operations. Each definition may be accompanied
improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future
by a specific discussion or expanded text section appropriate to
consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional
general definitions. Many of the terms could be defined as
aspects of the testing process.
adjectives; however, as recommended by ASTM policy, the
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment
word “tire” is included in each definition avoiding the compli-
with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with
cation of defining adjectives. The definitions apply equally to
substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommo-
items or objects other than tires.
dated in Terminology F 38.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Basic Testing Concepts and Terms
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Background on Testing:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.1 Despite the adoption of standardized testing proce-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dures, test result variation influences data generated in any type
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of testing. As outlined in Annex A1, there are two main
categories: [1] variation inherent in the production process for
2. Referenced Documents
a group of nominally identical objects or tires and [2] variation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
due to the measurement operation. Each of these two sources
E 1136 Specification for a Radial Standard Reference Test
may be further divided into two types of variation; [1]
2
Tire
systematic or bias variation (the variation causing one labora-
F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
tory to be consistently different from another laboratory) and
3
formance of Tires
[2] random error variation. Both types can exist simultaneously
F 1082 Practice for Tires–Determining Precision for Test
for either of the main categories.
3
Method Standards
5.1.2 Random variation can be reduced to a low level by
F 1650 Practice for Evaluating Tire Traction Performance
appropriate replication and sampling procedures, but bias
3
Data Under Varying Test Conditions
variation cannot be so reduced. Bias variation can be reduced
or eliminated by the appropriate use of reference objects or
tires. This is the major rationale for their use in testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee F-19 on Tires and is the
operations (see Annex A1).
direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.94 on Terminology.
5.1.3 Bi
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