ASTM G106-89(2004)

Standard Practice for Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical Impedance Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and standard plots should allow the investigator to check his laboratory technique. This practice should lead to electrochemical impedance curves in the literature which can be compared easily and with confidence.
Samples of a standard ferritic type 430 stainless steel (UNS 430000) used to obtain the reference plots are available for those who wish to check their equipment. Suitable resistors and capacitors can be obtained from electronics supply houses.
This test method may not be appropriate for electrochemical impedance measurements of all materials or in all environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which can be used to check one's instrumentation and technique for collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If followed, this practice provides a standard material, electrolyte, and procedure for collecting electrochemical impedance data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that should reproduce data determined by others at different times and in different laboratories. This practice may not be appropriate for collecting impedance information for all materials or in all environments.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: G01 - Corrosion of Metals
• Drafting Committee: G01.11 - Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM G106-89(1999) - Standard Practice for Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical Impedance Measurements
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM G106-89(2010) - Standard Practice for Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical Impedance Measurements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G208-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Jet Impingement Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G199-09(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Electrochemical Noise Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G135-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Computerized Exchange of Corrosion Data for Metals (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8370-22 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Electrochemical Impedance on Coatings and Linings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G170-06(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G215-17 - Standard Guide for Electrode Potential Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G185-06(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using the Rotating Cylinder Electrode
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3268-18a - Standard Guide for <emph type="bdit">in vitro</emph> Degradation Testing of Absorbable Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM G111-21a - Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G106 – 89 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical
1
Impedance Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
−2
C = capacitance (farad-cm )
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which
E8 = real component of voltage (volts)
can be used to check one’s instrumentation and technique for
E9 = imaginary component of voltage (volts)
collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If
E = complex voltage (volts)
followed, this practice provides a standard material, electro-
−1
f = frequency (s )
lyte, and procedure for collecting electrochemical impedance
−2
I8 = real component of current (amp-cm )
data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that should
−2
I9 = imaginary component of current (amp-cm )
reproduce data determined by others at different times and in
−2
I = complex current (amp-cm )
different laboratories. This practice may not be appropriate for
j = 21
=
2
collecting impedance information for all materials or in all
L = inductance (henry−cm )
2
environments.
R = solution resistance (ohm-cm )
s
2
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
R = polarization resistance (ohm-cm )
p
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the R = charge transfer resistance (ohm-cm )
t
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Z8 = real component of impedance (ohm-cm )
2
Z9 = imaginary component of impedance (ohm-cm )
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
Z = complex impedance (ohm-cm )
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a = phenomenological coefficients caused by depression
2. Referenced Documents
of the Nyquist plot below the real axis, a is the
2
exponent and t is the time constant(s).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
u = phase angle (deg)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
−1
v = frequency (radians-s )
G3 Practice for ConventionsApplicable to Electrochemical
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
Subscripts:
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and
x = in-phase component
Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements
y = out-of-phase component
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion
Testing
4. Summary of Practice
G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polar-
4.1 Reference impedance plots in both Nyquist and Bode
ization Resistance Measurements
formatareincluded.Thesereferenceplotsarederivedfromthe
results from nine different laboratories that used a standard
3. Terminology
dummy cell and followed the standard procedure using a
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of corrosion related terms, 3
specific ferritic type alloy UNS-S43000 in 0.005 M H SO
2 4
see Terminology G15.
and 0.495 M Na SO . The plots for the reference material are
2 4
3.2 Symbols:
presentedasanenvelopethatsurroundsallofthedatawithand
without inclusion of the uncompensated resistance. Plots for
one data set from one laboratory are presented as well. Since
1
the results from the dummy cell are independent of laboratory,
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
ofMetalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG01.11onElectrochemi-
only one set of results is presented.
cal Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
4.2 A discussion of the electrochemical impedance tech-
Current edition approved Nov 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
nique, the physics that underlies it, and some methods of
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as G106–89 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/G0106-89R04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM ThesestandardsamplesareavailablefromASTMHeadquarters.Generally,one
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on sample can be repolished and reused for many runs. This procedure is suggested to
the ASTM website. conserve the available material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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G106 – 89 (2004)
interpreting the data are given in the Appendix X1-Appendix adjusted to bring it into close proximity to the working
X6. These sections are included to aid the individual in electrode. The minimum distance should be no less than two
understanding the electrochemical impedance technique and capillary diameters from the working electrode.
so
...