ASTM A435/A435M-17(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard procedure and acceptance for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. Nondestructive examination of the material shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment. The test shall be done by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either major surface of the plate. Grid scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular grid lines or shall be continuous along parallel paths, transverse to the major plate axis, or shall be continuous along parallel paths, parallel to the major plate axis, or smaller centers. Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be contained within a circle is unacceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, 1/2 in. [12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A435/A435M − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A435/A435M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examina-
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
tion of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, ⁄2 in.
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
[12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure
Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities
2.2 ASNT Documents:
such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel
whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states
Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with 3. Terminology
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to nonde-
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
structive examinations used in this specification, refer to
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
Terminology E1316.
standard is one which covers the qualification and certification
of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which 4. Apparatus
is acceptable to the purchaser.
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
the test. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each type. The transducer is normally 1 in. to 1 ⁄8 in. [25 mm to
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must
30 mm] in diameter or 1 in. [25 mm] square; however, any
2 2
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the transducer having a minimum active area of 0.7 in. [450 mm ]
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- may be used, including phased-array probes using an equiva-
cation.
lent active aperture. The test shall be performed by one of the
following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
coupling.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pinpointing indications.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checked
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in accordance with Practice E317, Guide E2491, or another
procedure approved by the users of this specification. An
2. Referenced Documents
acceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manufacturer and purchaser.
1 5. Test Conditions
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A435/A435M – 17.
5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently to
DOI: 10.1520/A0435_A0435M-17R23.
2 maintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side of
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
cations SA-435/SA-435M in Section II of that Code. the plate at least 50 % of the full scale during scanning.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
the ASTM website. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, https://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A435/A435M − 17 (2023)
5.3 The surf
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.