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ASTM E2023-10

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators

Standard Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The only truly valid image quality indicator is a material or component, equivalent to the part being neutron radiographed, with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission or flaw (reference standard comparison part). The SI is designed to substitute for the reference standard, providing qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity in a single unit. Fabrication in accordance with this practice is vital for accurate and consistent measurements.
This practice shall be followed for the fabrication of all SIs to be used with Method E545 to determine image quality in direct thermal neutron radiography.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of Sensitivity Indicators (SI), which can be used to determine the relative quality of radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded to be standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2009
ICS
37.040.25 - Radiographic films
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.05 - Radiology (Neutron) Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2023-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Replaced By
ASTM E2023-10(2014) - Standard Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014
Referred By
ASTM E545-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2023 − 10
StandardPractice for
1
Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope holes of known dimensions. Visual inspection of the image of
this device provides subjective information regarding total
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of Sensitivity Indi-
radiographic sensitivity with respect to the step-block material,
cators (SI), which can be used to determine the relative quality
aswellasoptionalsubjectivedata,regardingdetrimentallevels
of radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron
of gamma exposure.
radiographic examination.
4.2 NeutronradiographypracticesarediscussedinPractices
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded to be
E748. The neutron radiograph used to determine image quality
standard.
using the SI shall meet the requirements of Method E545.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Theonlytrulyvalidimagequalityindicatorisamaterial
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or component, equivalent to the part being neutron
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
radiographed, with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion,
omission or flaw (reference standard comparison part). The SI
2. Referenced Documents
is designed to substitute for the reference standard, providing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity in a single
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
unit. Fabrication in accordance with this practice is vital for
Testing
accurate and consistent measurements.
E545 Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct
5.2 This practice shall be followed for the fabrication of all
Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination
SIstobeusedwithMethodE545todetermineimagequalityin
E748 Practices for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Mate-
direct thermal neutron radiography.
rials
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
6. Basis of Application
6.1 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
3. Terminology
in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
and evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable
practice, see Terminology E1316, Section H.
edition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual
agreement.
4. Summary of Practice
6.2 Procedures and Techniques—The procedures and tech-
4.1 The Sensitivity Indicator (SI) is used for qualitative
niquestobeutilizedshallbeasdescribedinthispracticeunless
determination of the sensitivity of detail visible on the neutron
otherwisespecified.Specifictechniquesmaybespecifiedinthe
radiograph. It consists of a step wedge containing gaps and
contractual agreement.
6.3 Reporting Criteria/Acceptance Criteria—Reporting cri-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
teria for the examination results shall be in accordance with
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.05 on
Radiology (Neutron) Method.
Sections 9 and 10 unless otherwise specified. Acceptance
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
criteria, for example, reference radiographs, shall be specified
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2023 - 99(2004).
in the contractual agreement.
DOI: 10.1520/E2023-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.4 Reexamination of repaired/reworked items is not ad-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dressedinthispracticeand,ifrequired,shallbespecifiedinthe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. contractual document.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2023 − 10
Material — Methylmethacrylate
Shim Thickness Hole Diameter
A 0.005 0.005
B 0.010 0.010
C 0.020 0.020
D 0.010 0.010
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—The lead step may be replaced with a methylmethacrylate strip with the D shim eliminated.
FIG. 1 Sensitivity Indicator
3
7. Sensitivity Indicator (SI) 8. Fabrication
8.1 Components:
7.1 The Sensitivity Indicator (SI) shall be constructed of
castacrylicresin,lead(opt
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2023–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:E2023–10
Standard Practice for
1
Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of Sensitivity Indicators (SI), which can be used to determine the relative quality of
radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded to be standard. The SI equivalents given in brackets in the text are for
information only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded to be standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E545 Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination
E748 Practices for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Materials
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology E1316, Section H.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The Sensitivity Indicator (SI) is used for qualitative determination of the sensitivity of detail visible on the neutron
radiograph. It consists of a step wedge containing gaps and holes of known dimensions. Visual inspection of the image of this
device provides subjective information regarding total radiographic sensitivity with respect to the step-block material, as well as
optional subjective data, regarding detrimental levels of gamma exposure.
4.2 Neutron radiography practices are discussed in Practices E748. The neutron radiograph used to determine image quality
using the SI shall meet the requirements of Method E545.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The only truly valid image quality indicator is a material or component, equivalent to the part being neutron radiographed,
with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission or flaw (reference standard comparison part). The SI is designed to
substitute for the reference standard, providing qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity in a single unit. Fabrication in
accordance with this practice is vital for accurate and consistent measurements.
5.2 This practice shall be followed for the fabrication of all SIs to be used with Method E545 to determine image quality in
direct thermal neutron radiography.
6. Basis of Application
6.1 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and
evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable edition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual agreement.
6.2 Procedures and Techniques—The procedures and techniques to be utilized shall be as described in this practice unless
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.05 on Radiology
(Neutron) Method.
Current edition approved MayJan. 1, 2004.2010. Published June 2004.February 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
E2023 - 99(2004). DOI: 10.1520/E2023-99R04.10.1520/E2023-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2023–10
otherwise specified. Specific techniques may be specified in the contractual agreement.
6.3 Reporting Criteria/Acceptance Criteria—Reporting criteria for the examination results shall be in accordance with Sections
9 and 10 unless otherwise specified. Acceptance criteria, for example, reference radiographs, shall be specified in the contractual
agreement.
6.4 Reexamination of re
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide describes the recommended procedure for using software to assist with the identification of indications in digital radiographic images. Some of the concepts presented may be appropriate for other nondestructive test methods.  
5.2 When properly applied, the methods and techniques outlined in this guide offer radiographic testing practitioners the potential to improve inspection reliability, reduce inspection cycle time, and harness inspection statistics for improving manufacturing processes.  
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5.1 The BPI is designed to yield quantitative information concerning neutron beam and image system parameters that contribute to film exposure and, thereby, affect overall image quality. For proper measurements of film exposure due to the neutron beam constituents, the BPI must be fabricated in accordance with this practice.  
5.2 This practice shall be followed for the fabrication of all Beam Purity Indicators to be used with Test Method E545 to determine image quality in direct thermal neutron radiography.
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1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides a practice for RIQR evaluations of film and non-film imaging systems when exposed through an absorber material. Three alternate data evaluation methods are provided in Section 9. Determining RIQR requires the comparison of at least two radiographs or radiographic processes whereby the relative degree of image quality difference may be determined using the EPS plaque arrangement of Fig. 1 as a relative image quality indicator (RIQI). In conjunction with the RIQI, a specified radiographic technique or method must be established and carefully controlled for each radiographic process. This practice is designed to allow the determination of subtle changes in EPS that may arise to radiographic imaging system performance levels resultant from process improvements/changes or change of equipment attributes. This practice does not address relative unsharpness of a radiographic imaging system as provided in Practice E2002. The common element with any relative comparison is the use of the same RIQI arrangement for both processes under evaluation.  
4.2 In addition to the standard evaluation method described in Section 9, there may be other techniques/methods in which the basic RIQR arrangement of Fig. 1 might be utilized to perform specialized assessments of relative image quality performance. For example, other radiographic variables can be altered to facilitate evaluations provided these differences are known and documented for both processes. Where multiple radiographic process variables are evaluated, it is incumbent upon the user of this practice to control those normal process attributes to the degree suitable for the application. Specialized RIQR techniques may also be useful with micro focus X-ray, isotope sources of radiation or with the use of non-film radiographic imaging systems. RIQR may also be useful in evaluating imaging systems with alternate materials (RIQI and base plate) such as plastic, copper-nickel, or aluminum. When using any ...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a practice whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems may be comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image quality response (RIQR). The RIQR method presented within this practice is based upon the use of equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within Practice E1025 and subsection 5.3 of this practice. Figure 1 illustrates a relative image quality indicator (RIQI) that has four different plaque thicknesses (0.015, 0.010, 0.008, and 0.005 in.) sequentially positioned (from top to bottom) on an absorber plate of a specified material and thickness. The four plaques contain a total of 14 different arrays of penetrameter-type hole sizes designed to render varied conditions of threshold visibility when exposed to the appropriate radiation. Each “EPS” array consists of 30 identical holes; thus, providing the user with a quantity of threshold sensitivity levels suitable for relative image qualitative response comparisons. There are two standard materials (steel and plastic) specified herein for the RIQI and absorber. For special applications the user may design a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration; however the RIQI configuration shall be controlled by a drawing similar to Fig. 1. Use of a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration shall be described in the user’s written technique and approved by the CEO.  
1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a specimen undergoing radiographic examination.  
1.3 This practice is not intended to be used to classify or derive performance classification categories for radiographic imaging systems. For example, performance classifications of radiographic film systems may be found within Test Method E1815, and manufacturer characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems may be found in...

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM ISO/ASTM51275-13(Main)
Standard Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry System

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The radiochromic film dosimetry system provides a means for measuring absorbed dose based on radiation-induced change in color using spectrophotometers, densitometers or scanned images.
Radiochromic film dosimetry systems are commonly used in industrial radiation processing, for example in the sterilization of medical devices and the irradiation of foods.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a practice for using radiochromic film dosimetry systems to measure absorbed dose in materials irradiated by photons or electrons in terms of absorbed dose to water. Radiochromic film dosimetry systems are generally used as routine dosimetry systems.
1.2 The radiochromic film dosimeter is classified as a Type II dosimeter on the basis of the complex effect of influence quantities. See ASTM Practice E2628.
1.3 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ASTM E2628 “Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing” for a radiochromic film dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ASTM E2628.
1.4 This practice covers the use of radiochromic film dosimetry systems under the following conditions:
1.4.1 The absorbed dose range is 1 Gy to 150 kGy.
1.4.2 The absorbed dose rate is 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 1013 Gy·s-1 (1-4).  
1.4.3 The photon energy range is 0.1 to 50 MeV.
1.4.4 The electron energy range is 70 keV to 50 MeV.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    7 pages
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