ASTM E545-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination
Standard Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The BPI is designed to yield quantitative information concerning neutron beam and image system parameters that contribute to film exposure and thereby affect overall image quality. In addition, the BPI can be used to verify the day-to-day consistency of the neutron radiographic quality. Gadolinium conversion screens and single-emulsion silver-halide films, exposed together in the neutron imaging beam, were used in the development and testing of the BPI. Use of alternative detection systems may produce densitometric readings that are not valid for the equations used in Section 9.
5.2 The only truly valid sensitivity indicator is a reference standard part. A reference standard part is a material or component that is the same as the object being neutron radiographed except with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission, or flaw. The sensitivity indicators were designed to substitute for the reference standard and provide qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity.
5.3 The number of areas or objects to be radiographed and the film acceptance standard used should be specified in the contract, purchase order, specification, or drawings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of an Image Quality Indicator (IQI) system to determine the relative2 quality of radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination. The requirements expressed in this test method are not intended to control the quality level of materials and components.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E545 −19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron
1
Radiographic Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Radiography Beams
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
1.1 This test method covers the use of an Image Quality
2 eters
Indicator (IQI) system to determine the relative quality of
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron
E2003 Practice for Fabrication of the Neutron Radiographic
radiographic examination. The requirements expressed in this
Beam Purity Indicators
test method are not intended to control the quality level of
E2023 Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic
materials and components.
Sensitivity Indicators
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method, see Terminology E1316, Section H.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 The judgment of the quality of a neutron radiograph is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
based upon the evaluation of images obtained from indicators
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
that are exposed along with the test object. In cases of limited
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
filmsizeorextendedobjectsize,theindicatorsmaybeexposed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
on another film immediately prior to or following exposure of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the test object under exactly the same conditions (refer to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ProcessControlRadiographs,Section10).TheIQIvaluesmust
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
be determined from films with an optical density between 2.0
to 3.0. Two types of IQIs are used.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1 Beam Purity Indicator (BPI)—The BPI is a device
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
usedforquantitativedeterminationofradiographicquality.Itis
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
a polytetrafluoroethylene block containing two boron nitride
Testing
disks, two lead disks, and two cadmium or gadolinium wires.
E748 Guide for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Materials
Akey feature of the BPI is the ability to make a visual analysis
E803 TestMethodforDeterminingthe L/D RatioofNeutron
of its image for subjective information, such as image unsharp-
ness and film and processing quality. Densitometric measure-
ments of the image of the device permit quantitative determi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
nation of the effective value for the thermal neutron content,
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.05 on
gamma content, pair production content, and scattered neutron
Radiology (Neutron) Method.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
content. The BPI shall be constructed in accordance with
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E545 – 14. DOI:
Practice E2003. Optionally, any BPI fabricated prior to publi-
10.1520/E0545-19.
cation of Practice E2003 which conforms toTest Method E545
2
The numerical values obtained in the calculations described herein may vary
- 81 through 91 may be used.
between different film processing systems, film types, and within one processing
system if processing variables change.
4.1.2 Sensitivity Indicator (SI)—The SI device is used for
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
qualitative determination of the sensitivity of detail visible on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
a neutron radiograph.The SI is a step-wedge device containing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. gaps and holes of known dimensions. Visual inspection of the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E545 − 14 E545 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron
1
Radiographic Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method covers the use of an Image Quality Indicator (IQI) system to determine the relative quality of radiographic
images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination. The requirements expressed in this test method are not
intended to control the quality level of materials and components.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded to be standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E748 Guide for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Materials
E803 Test Method for Determining the L/D Ratio of Neutron Radiography Beams
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2003 Practice for Fabrication of the Neutron Radiographic Beam Purity Indicators
E2023 Practice for Fabrication of Neutron Radiographic Sensitivity Indicators
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology E1316, Section H.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The judgment of the quality of a neutron radiograph is based upon the evaluation of images obtained from indicators that
are exposed along with the test object. In cases of limited film size or extended object size, the indicators may be exposed on
another film immediately prior to or following exposure of the test object under exactly the same conditions (refer to Process
Control Radiographs, Section 10). The IQI values must be determined from films with an optical density between 2.0 to 3.0. Two
types of IQIs are used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.05 on Radiology
(Neutron) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published June 2014September 2019. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
E545 - 05E545 – 14.(2010). DOI: 10.1520/E0545-14.10.1520/E0545-19.
2
The numerical values obtained in the calculations described herein may vary between different film processing systems, film types, and within one processing system
if processing variables changes.change.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E545 − 19
4.1.1 Beam Purity Indicator (BPI)—The BPI is a device used for quantitative determination of radiographic quality. It is a
polytetrafluoroethylene block containing two boron nitride disks, two lead disks, and two cadmium or gadolinium wires. A key
feature of the BPI is the ability to make a visual analysis of its image for subjective information, such as image unsharpness and
film and processing quality. Densitometric measurements of the image of the device permit quantitative determination of the
effective value for th
...
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