ASTM D8-12
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
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Designation: D8 − 12
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
cementing medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey
charges on the discontinuous phase.
gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of
asphalt, n—a subclass of bitumen which occurs in nature or is
the materials in the mixture.
obtained in petroleum processing.
bitumen, n—a class of black or dark-colored (solid, semisolid,
asphalt binder, n—an asphalt that is produced from petroleum
or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or
residueeitherwithorwithouttheadditionofnon-particulate,
manufactured, composed principally of high molecular
non-fibrous modifiers.
weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, and pitches are
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt subclasses.
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also
bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
felts and fabrics, bituminous pavement.
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules
of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
asphalt modifier, n—Organic or inorganic materials added to
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an
an asphalt binder to alter the properties or behavior of the
aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
binder.
DISCUSSION—Such materials include polymers, other chemical
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
modifiers, rubber, and hydrated lime. With the exception of rubber,
essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and of
asphalt modifiers have a particle size of 250 µm or smaller.
other bases, that is developed simultaneously with iron in a
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
blast furnace.
layers of asphalt mix resting on a subgrade.
cationic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
asphalt rock (rock asphalt), n—rock froma naturally occur-
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of positive
ring formation, usually limestone or sandstone, impregnated
charges on the discontinuous phase.
throughout its mass with asphalt.
clinker, n—generally a fused or partly fused by-product of the
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
combustion of coal, but also including lava and portland-
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
cement clinker, and partly vitrified slag and brick.
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
coal tar, n—a dark brown to black cementitious material
rubber particles.
produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal.
coarse aggregate, n—(1) aggregate predominantly retained on
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve: or (2) that portion of an
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.
Terminology.
DISCUSSION—The definitions are alternatives to be applied under
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate
publishedasD 8 – 12.LastpreviouseditionD 8 – 94,whichwaswithdrawnin2007
and reinstated in June, 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D0008–12. eitherinanaturalconditionorafterprocessing.Definition(2)isapplied
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8−12
to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D8–11 Designation:D8–12
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS Relating in General to
Bituminous Materials
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—a subclass of bitumen which occurs in nature or is obtained in petroleum processing.
asphalt binder, n—an asphalt that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the addition of non-particulate,
non-fibrous modifiers.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphaltmix(asphaltmixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates.The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt modifier, n—Organic or inorganic materials added to an asphalt binder to alter the properties or behavior of the binder.
DISCUSSION—Such materials include polymers, other chemical modifiers, rubber, and hydrated lime. With the exception of rubber, asphalt modifiers
have a particle size of 250 µm or smaller.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more layers of asphalt mix resting on a subgrade.
asphalt rock (rock asphalt), n—rock froma naturally occurring formation, usually limestone or sandstone, impregnated
throughout its mass with asphalt.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of the
materials in the mixture.
bitumen, n—a class of black or dark-colored (solid, semisolid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured,
composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltitespitches are typical.
subclasses.
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized felts and
fabrics, bituminous pavement.
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and of other bases,
that is developed simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.
cationic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of positive charges
on the discontinuous phase.
cut-back asphalt, clinker, n—petroleum residuum (asphalt) which has been blended with petroleum distillates.
DISCUSSION—Slow-curing materials may be made directly by distillation and are often referred to as road oils. —generally a fused or partly fused
by-product of the combustion of coal, but also including lava and portland-cement clinker, and partly vitrified slag and brick.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved June 15, 2011.July 1, 2012. Published July 2011.September 2012. Originally published as D 8 – 12. Last previous edition D 8 – 94, which was
withdrawn in 2007 and reinstated in June, 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D0008–112.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...
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