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ASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2019)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications

Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers circular-knit geotextiles for use on the outside of perforated pipes and Class B geocomposites in subsurface drainage applications. Material covered by this specification comprises Type A and Type B fabric geotextiles, which have been used extensively as filtration geotextiles in combination with subsurface drainage pipes. The geotextile shall be manufactured from polymeric materials by a circular-knit process, which will ensure a consistent, continuous fabric without seams. Tests for water permittivity, apparent opening size, and puncture strength shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified. Per service requirement, additional tests for chemical resistance and durability may be performed as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers circular-knit geotextiles for use on the outside of perforated pipes and Class B geocomposites per Specification D7001 in drainage applications.  
1.2 The tests used to characterize the geotextile are intended to ensure good workmanship and quality, and are not necessarily adequate for design purposes in view of the importance of environmental factors and specific performance objectives. Tests have been selected with essentially neutral aqueous systems in mind. Other tests may be necessary to establish chemical resistance and durability under the conditions of a particular application.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Feb-2019
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.06 - Geosynthetic Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2016)e1 - Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications
Effective Date
15-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D4439-24 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM D4751-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D4439-18 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D4439-17 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D4491/D4491M-17 - Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017
Refers
ASTM D4491/D4491M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Refers
ASTM D4751-16 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Refers
ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D4439-15a - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D4439-15 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D4491/D4491M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015

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ASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage ApplicationsASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications
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ASTM D6707/D6707M-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage Applications
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6707/D6707M −06 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in Subsurface Drainage
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6707/D6707M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of
1.1 This specification covers circular-knit geotextiles for
Geotextiles by Permittivity
use on the outside of perforated pipes and Class B geocom-
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening
posites per Specification D7001 in drainage applications.
Size of a Geotextile
1.2 The tests used to characterize the geotextile are intended
D6241 Test Method for Static Puncture Strength of Geotex-
to ensure good workmanship and quality, and are not neces-
tiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a 50-mm
sarily adequate for design purposes in view of the importance
Probe
of environmental factors and specific performance objectives.
D7001 Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement Edge
Tests have been selected with essentially neutral aqueous
Drains and Other High-Flow Applications
systems in mind. Other tests may be necessary to establish
chemical resistance and durability under the conditions of a 3. Terminology
particular application.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to
geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2.1 circular knit, adj—a structure produced by interloop-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ing one or more ends of yarn or comparable material in a
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
continuously circular orientation around the fabric.
with the standard.
3.2.2 filtration, n—the equilibrium soil to geotextile system
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that allows for adequate liquid flow with limited soil loss
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
across the plane of the geotextile over the service lifetime
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compatible with the application under consideration.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.3 Definitions in this specification are in accordance with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminologies D123 and D4439, unless otherwise specified.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Classification
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 The circular-knit geotextiles covered by this specifica-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tion are classified as follows:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1.1 Type A: fabric.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.2 Type H: fabric.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 The characteristics of the two types of geotextile are
given in 8.1 below.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Circular-knit geotextiles have been used extensively for
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.06 on Geosyn- many years as filtration geotextiles in combination with sub-
thetic Specifications.
surface drainage pipes.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally
5.2 The test procedures and recommendations referred to in
approved in 2001. Last prev
...

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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
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5.1 Installed geomembranes are subjected to forces from more than one direction, including forces perpendicular to the surfaces of the geomembrane. Out-of-plane deformation of a geomembrane may be useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.  
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5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this test can be considered a performance test.  
5.4 For applications where geomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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