ASTM E2975-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
Standard Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rotational viscometer and its associated rotational element.
5.2 The apparent viscosity (η) of a test specimen may then be obtained using Eq 4:
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or performance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed using experimental conditions, such as temperature, viscosity range and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E2975 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope including Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain,
viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or perfor-
mance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient
3.2.1 apparent viscosity (η), n—viscosity determined by this
temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or
test method.
parallel plate viscometers.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Because the velocity gradient in this
test method may not be the same at all points of the rotational
1.2 Calibration shall be performed using experimental
element for non-Newtonian fluids, the result determined may
conditions, such as temperature, viscosity range and shear rate
notbethetrueviscosity.Therefore,theviscositydeterminedby
(rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for
this test method is called the “apparent viscosity.”
measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 An element is rotated in a Newtonian fluid at a known
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
(or measured) speed. The viscous drag experienced by the
tion only and are not considered standard.
immersed element is measured (or known) as a torque.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the
Viscosity may then be determined from these properties
SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
(torque and rotational speed) and the dimensions of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rotational element by equations such as Eq 1 and 2.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
η 5 E τ S ⁄ ώ 5 9.55 E τ S ⁄ ν (1)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 2 2 2 2
S 5 @~r 2 r ! ⁄ ~4 r r L!# (2)
c g c g
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
where:
2. Referenced Documents
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
ώ = rotational speed (revolutions/min),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E = calibration coefficient (dimensionless),
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
τ = torque (N·m),
ology
-3
S = rotational element factor (mm ) supplied by the appa-
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
ratus vendor,
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
L = length of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
Data
(mm),
3. Terminology
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
g
(mm),
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped container (mm), and
c
method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
ν = rotational speed (rad/s).
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 rev/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
4.2 Calibration of a viscometer and its associated rotational
ogy.
element may be achieved by comparing the viscosity indicated
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
by the apparatus with the known viscosity of a calibration fluid
E2975-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or as their product using Eq 3, under experimental conditions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
used in measuring an unknown fluid:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E 5 η ⁄ η (3)
t o
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2975 − 14
information, a low form Griffin beaker of 600 mL capacity shall be used.
where:
η = the viscosity of the calibration fluid (Pa·s), and
6.1.11 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary or
t
η = the viscosity indicated by the apparatus (Pa·s).
useful in conducting this test method includes:
t
6.1.11.1 Data analysis capability to provide viscosity, stress
5. Significance and Use
or other useful quantities derived from measured signals.
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rotational 6.1.11.2 A level to indicate the vertical plumb of the drive
viscometer and its associated rotational element. motor, shaft and rotational element.
5.2 The apparent viscosity (η) of a test specimen may then
NOTE 6—Viscometers and their rotational elements are precision
be obtained using Eq 4: equipment and shall be kept from undue shock and mishandling. Physical
damage to the instrument may reveal itself as erratic torque indication
η 5 E η (4)
o
when the instrument, with or without a rotational element in place, is
operated in air. When operating normally, the indicated signal will be
6. Apparatus
stable and have a value of zero when operated in air.
NOTE 7—Care shall be taken in the storage and handling of rotational
6.1 Viscometer, Concentric Cylinder Rotational—The es-
elements and assemblies. Protect them from dust, corrosive deposits, and
sential instrumentation required providing the minimum rota-
mechanical abuse. Avoid touching the calibrated section of the rotational
tional viscometer analytical capabilities for this test method
elements with the hands. Clean the element and sample container
thoroughly after each use.
include:
6.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a rotational displacement to
7. Reagents and Materials
the specimen at a rate from 3 to 380 rad/min (0.5 to 60
revolutions/min) constant to 60.2 % of full scale or alterna-
7.1 One or more viscosity reference fluid (with its accom-
tivelyatorquetothespecimenconstantto 60.2%offullscale.
panying certification) in the range of that anticipated for the
6.1.2 A coupling shaft, or other means to transmit the
test specimen measurement.
rotational displacement from the motor to the specimen.
NOTE 8—Viscosity reference materials are typically available from the
NOTE 2—It is convenient to have a mark on the shaft to indicate the
viscometer supplier.
fluid level of the test specimen appropriate for the measurement.
6.1.3 Acylindrical rotational element, spindle, bob, or tool,
8. Preparation of Apparatus
composed of material inert to the material being tested, to fix
8.1 Perform any viscometer preparation or calibration pro-
the specimen between the drive shaft and a stationary position.
cedures described by the manufacturer in the operations
NOTE 3—Each rotational element typically covers about two decades of
manual.
viscosity.The rotational element is selected so that the measured viscosity
8.2 Operatetheviscometerinairwithaconnectedrotational
is between 15 and 95 % of the range that element.
element in place. The indicator shall be stable and indicate a
NOTE 4—This test method is intended for rotational elements that are
immersed in the test specimen. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or
zero value.
parallel plate viscometers.
8.3 Set the temperature bath to 23°C and equilibrate for 30
6.1.4 A sensor to measure the torque within 61 % of full
minutes. Measure the temperature bath and ensure that its
scale developed by the specimen or alternatively to measure
temperature is 23 6 0.2°C.
rotational speed within 61 % of full scale.
NOTE 9—Other temperatures may be used but shall be reported.
6.1.5 A temperature sensor to provide an indication of the
specimen temperature of the range of 19°C to 26°C to within
9. Procedure
60.1°C.
6.1.6 A temperature bath to provide a controlled isothermal
9.1 Selection of the Rotational Element:
temperature environment for the specimen within the appli-
9.1.1 From the estimated viscosity of the test specimen,
cable temperature range of this test method.
select a rotational element that will produce readings in the
6.1.7 A temperature controller, capable of maintaining the
desired range.
bath at a temperature constant to 60.1°C over the range of
NOTE 10—Where more than one rotational element is available for the
19°C to 26°C.
range selected, choose an element that produces results nearest the
6.1.8 A data collection device, to provide a means of
midpointofthemeasurableviscosityrange.Viscometerscalereadingshall
acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated
be within the range of 15 t
...
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