ASTM D6803-02
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using Small Environmental Chambers
Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using Small Environmental Chambers
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for preparing test samples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latex paint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from those test samples. Emissions are sampled from small environmental chambers operated under controlled conditions.
1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation of test specimens by application of primer or paint to common building materials. Use of the procedures described in this practice for tests with other application methods or substrates may affect the results and not meet the criteria recommended in the practice.
1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection of VOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica gel treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that require analytical methods for measurement of individual organic compound concentrations. This practice does not describe the detailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to published methods for these analyses.
1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sampling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions. The test conditions, when combined with analytical data, can be used to calculate emission rates. This practice does not recommend a method for the calculations.
1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6803–02
Standard Practice for
Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds
(Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using
Small Environmental Chambers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice provides procedures for preparing test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
samples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latex D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
paint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard, and Applications
wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sam- D 1005 Test Method for Measurements of Dry Film Thick-
pling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from those ness of Organic Coatings
test samples. Emissions are sampled from small environmental D 1212 Test Method for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
chambers operated under controlled conditions. ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation of D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
test specimens by application of primer or paint to common Atmospheres
building materials. Use of the procedures described in this D 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating
practice for tests with other application methods or substrates to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
mayaffecttheresultsandnotmeetthecriteriarecommendedin D 3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
the practice. ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection of sorption Method)
VOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica gel D 3687 Practice forAnalysis of Organic Compound Vapors
treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that require Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
analytical methods for measurement of individual organic Method
compound concentrations. This practice does not describe the D5116 Guide for Small Scale Environmental Chamber
detailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to pub- Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor
lished methods for these analyses. Materials/Products
1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam- D 5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde
pling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions. and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler
The test conditions, when combined with analytical data, can Methodology)
be used to calculate emission rates. This practice does not D 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents and Pumped
recommend a method for the calculations. Sampling/Thermal Desorption Analyses Procedures for
1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI) Volatile Organic Compounds in Air
are to be regarded as the standard. D 6345 Guide for Selection of Methods forActive, Integra-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the tive Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E 741 Test Method for Determining Change in a Single
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Zone by Means of Tracer Gas Dilution
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 2.2 Other Referenced Document:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
D22.05 on Indoor Air. U.S. EPA, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH,
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published July 2002. website http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6803–02
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic environmental chambers are operated at designated conditions
OrganicCompoundsinAmbientAir, CompendiumMeth- of airflow rate, temperature, and relative humidity. The VOCs
ods TO-15 and TO-17, EPA/625/R-96-010b, January in the emissions are sampled by adsorption on an appropriate
1999, (NTIS No. PB99-172355) single, or multiple sorbent media that can be analyzed by
thermal desorption and combined gas chromatography/mass
3. Terminology
spectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/flame ionization detection (GC/
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this
FID). Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are col-
practice, refer to Terminology D 1356, TerminologyD16, and
lected on silica gel coated with DNPH reagent that can be
Practice E 355. For definitions and terms related to test
analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
methods using small-scale environmental chambers, refer to
4.2 This practice describes the procedures for handling and
GuideD5116.
storage of paint, setup of the small environmental test cham-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bers,preparationoftestspecimens,chamberperformancetests,
3.2.1 air change per hour (ACH)—the volume of clean air
sampling and reporting.
broughtintothechamberin1hdividedbythechambervolume
5. Significance and Use
measured in identical volume units, normally expressed in air
-1
changes per hour (h ). 5.1 Latex and alkyd paints are used as coatings for walls,
3.2.2 alkyd paint—also referred to as oil paint, it is a paint wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint may
that contains drying oil or oil varnish as the basic vehicle be applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedly
ingredient. during the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paint
2 3
3.2.3 chamber loading (m /m )—the exposed surface area after application to surfaces.
of the test specimen coated with paint divided by the environ- 5.2 There is a need for data on emissions from paint. The
mental test chamber volume. data can be used to compare emissions from different products.
3.2.4 clean air—air that does not contain any individual The data may be used to assist manufacturers in reducing or
VOC at a concentration in excess of 2 µg/m and does not eliminating VOC emissions from their products. The data may
contain greater than 10 µg/m for the sum of the VOCs be used to predict concentrations of VOCs in a room or
measurable in the sample. The air should be conditioned to building when used with appropriate indoor air quality models.
remove particulates and ozone. 5.3 Standard test practices and procedures are needed for
3.2.5 environmental enclosure—a temperature controlled the comparison of emissions data from different laboratories.
enclosure of sufficient size to contain the environmental test
6. Apparatus
chamber(s) and allow adequate access to it to conduct the
6.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental
testing.
chamber testing facility and air sample collection systems.
3.2.6 environmental test chamber—a chamber constructed
6.2 Environmental Chamber Testing Facility, consisting of
ofinertmaterialsintowhichamaterialcanbeplacedandtested
an environmental test chamber, a controlled-temperature envi-
to determine the VOC emission rate under controlled environ-
ronmental enclosure, a system for supplying clean and condi-
mental conditions.
tioned air to the chamber, and fittings and manifolds on the
3.2.7 latex paint—a paint containing a stable aqueous dis-
chamber outlet for collection of air samples. All materials and
persion of synthetic resin, produced by emulsion polymeriza-
components in contact with the test specimen or air prior to
tion,astheprincipalconstituentofthebinder.Modifyingresins
sample collection should be chemically inert and accessible for
may be present.
cleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass.
3.2.8 primer—the first of two or more coats of a paint.
All gaskets and flexible components should be made from
3.2.9 spreading rate—the area covered by a unit volume of
chemically inert materials. General guidance for design, con-
coating material, frequently expressed as square feet per
gallon. It may also be referred to as coverage or coverage rate struction, configuration, and validation of an environmental
test chamber facility is provided in GuideD5116.
on paint container labels.
3.2.10 test specimen—a specimen of the paint applied to a 6.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber, constructed of inert
materials of sufficient size to hold the test specimen. Small
substrate such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineered
environmental test chambers may range in size from a few
wood products.
litres to 5 m . Procedures recommended in this practice have
3.2.11 volatile organic compound (VOC)—an organic com-
-2
been evaluated using environmental chambers with a volume
pound with saturation vapor pressure greater than 10 kPa at
of 0.053 m . This volume is used in the practice for discussion
25°C.
and illustrative purposes. Chambers of different size and shape
4. Summary of Practice
may be used if the standard environmental test chamber
4.1 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam- conditions can be maintained and chamber performance can be
pling emissions of VOCs, including formaldehyde and other demonstrated. The chamber should be equipped with an
carbonyl compounds, from paint applied to building materials opening large enough for loading the test specimen and for
such as gypsum wallboard, wood, and engineered wood cleaning the chamber. The chamber will be equipped with a
products. Emissions tests are conducted using small environ- port to supply air to the chamber, an air outlet from the
mental chambers operated in a dynamic mode with continuous chamber, and ports for temperature and relative humidity
flow of humidified VOC-free air through the chambers. The probes. The chamber may be equipped with a fan to promote
D6803–02
mixing in the chamber and to achieve the desired air velocity Select an appropriate single or multi-layered sorbent tube
across the surface of the test specimen.The performance of the following the procedures in Practice D 6196, Guide D 6345,
chamber should be evaluated prior to use to determine air- and EPA Method TO-17. Recommendations on the use of
tightness, surface adsorption effects, air mixing, and air veloc- sorbent tubes from manufacturers or suppliers should be
ity at the surface of the substrate. Some of the chamber followed in selecting the sampling airflow rate and sampling
performance (that is, air mixing and air velocity) should be period to avoid breakthrough of VOCs through the sorbent
evaluatedwithanuncoatedtestsubstrateinplace.Thechamber tube. The required air sampling volume at each collection time
performance should be tested and demonstrated following the point should be determined through consideration of the safe
guidelines presented in GuideD5116. sampling volume (SSV, see Practice D 6196) of the VOC with
the lowest retention volume, concentrations to be measured,
6.2.2 Environmental Enclosure, of sufficient size to accom-
and detection limits of the analytical method.
modate the environmental test chamber and capable of main-
6.3.4 For collection of VOCs during the first 10 to 20 h
taining the desired temperature within 0.5°C.
following application of alkyd primer or paint, charcoal sor-
6.2.3 Clean Air Supply System, capable of supplying a
bents (Practice D 3687) may be used due to the high concen-
controlled flow of clean, humidified air into the test chamber,
trations of VOCs in the chamber air.
as described in GuideD5116. The system should incorporate
6.3.5 For collection of formaldehyde and other carbonyl
hardwareforremovingparticles,ozone,andVOCsfromtheair
compounds,DNPH-silicagelcartridgesshouldbeusedfollow-
supplied to the chamber(s). Concentrations of VOCs and
ing the Test Method D 5197.
aldehydes measured at the chamber inlet should not exceed 2
3 3
6.3.6 An airflow meter/controller should be used to control
µg/m for any single compound or 10 µg/m for the sum of all
and measure the airflow rate during sample collection. The
measurableVOCsinthesample.Therelativehumidity(RH)of
controller may consist of a precision flow control valve, a
the air supplied to the chamber(s) should be controlled to the
critical orifice, or a mass flow controller. The measurement
desired set point within 65 % RH. The flow rate of the air
device may consist of soap film bubble meter, calibrated high
supplied to the chamber should be controlled within 65%of
precision rotameter, or mass flow meter. A mass flow meter/
the set-point airflow rate. Ideally, the chamber system will be
controller is recommended for use during sample collection.
designed such that a positive pressurization of the chamber of
All flow measurements should be referenced to standard
approximately 10 Pa relative to the environmental enclosure
temperature and pressure.
will be maintained and monitored at all times during the test.
6.2.4 Environmental Measurement System, consisting of
7. Procedures for Paint Selection, Handling, and Storage
hardware and software to measure and record the temperature,
7.1 Procedures for selection of the paint to be tested are a
RH, and airflow rates during operation of the test system. A
function of the objectives of the tests. Paint may be procured
system for continuous recording of the data is recommended.
from clients, manufacturers, distributors, or retailers. Record
6.3 Air Sampling Systems, consisting of sorbent tubes and
pertinent information upon receipt of the paint including date
DNPH-silica gel cartridges, a sampling manifold, vacuum
of acquisition, source of the paint, manufacturer, container
pumps, and airflow controllers/meters. Airflow controllers
size, lot number, and other relevant information on the label.
should control the airflow rate through the sampling system to
Obtain and review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for
within 5 % of the specified value. All system components
the paint. At least two containers of the same lot number of
between the chamber and the sampling media should be
paint should be procured (one for testing and one to archive).
constructed of chemically inert materials.
7.2 Upon receipt of the paint, it should be split into storage
6.3.1 A glass or
...
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