ASTM D6803-02(2007)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using Small Environmental Chambers
Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using Small Environmental Chambers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Latex and alkyd paints are used as coatings for walls, wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint may be applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedly during the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paint after application to surfaces.
There is a need for data on emissions from paint. The data can be used to compare emissions from different products. The data may be used to assist manufacturers in reducing or eliminating VOC emissions from their products. The data may be used to predict concentrations of VOCs in a room or building when used with appropriate indoor air quality models.
Standard test practices and procedures are needed for the comparison of emissions data from different laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for preparing test samples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latex paint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from those test samples. Emissions are sampled from small environmental chambers operated under controlled conditions.
1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation of test specimens by application of primer or paint to common building materials. Use of the procedures described in this practice for tests with other application methods or substrates may affect the results and not meet the criteria recommended in the practice.
1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection of VOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica gel treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that require analytical methods for measurement of individual organic compound concentrations. This practice does not describe the detailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to published methods for these analyses.
1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sampling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions. The test conditions, when combined with analytical data, can be used to calculate emission rates. This practice does not recommend a method for the calculations.
1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6803 − 02(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds
(Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint Using
Small Environmental Chambers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice provides procedures for preparing test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
samples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latex D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
paint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard, Applications
wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sam- D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
pling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from those ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
test samples. Emissions are sampled from small environmental D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
chambers operated under controlled conditions. ness of Organic Coatings
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation of
Atmospheres
test specimens by application of primer or paint to common
D1914 PracticeforConversionUnitsandFactorsRelatingto
building materials. Use of the procedures described in this
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
practice for tests with other application methods or substrates
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
mayaffecttheresultsandnotmeetthecriteriarecommendedin
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
the practice.
sorption Method)
1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection of
D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors
VOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica gel
Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that require
Method
analytical methods for measurement of individual organic
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
compound concentrations. This practice does not describe the
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
detailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to pub-
Products
lished methods for these analyses.
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and
Other Carbonyl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Meth-
1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam-
pling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions. odology)
D6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and
The test conditions, when combined with analytical data, can
be used to calculate emission rates. This practice does not Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds in Air
recommend a method for the calculations.
D6345 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integra-
1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI)
tive Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air
are to be regarded as the standard.
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 Other Referenced Document:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Organic Compounds inAmbientAir, Compendium Meth-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ods TO-15 and TO-17, EPA/625/R-96-010b, January
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6803 - 02. DOI: U.S. EPA, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH,
10.1520/D6803-02R07. website http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6803 − 02 (2007)
1999, (NTIS No. PB99-172355) environmental chambers are operated at designated conditions
of airflow rate, temperature, and relative humidity. The VOCs
3. Terminology
in the emissions are sampled by adsorption on an appropriate
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this
single, or multiple sorbent media that can be analyzed by
practice, refer to Terminology D1356, Terminology D16, and thermal desorption and combined gas chromatography/mass
PracticeE355.Fordefinitionsandtermsrelatedtotestmethods
spectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/flame ionization detection (GC/
using small-scale environmental chambers, refer to Guide FID). Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are col-
D5116.
lected on silica gel coated with DNPH reagent that can be
analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air change per hour (ACH)—the volume of clean air
4.2 This practice describes the procedures for handling and
broughtintothechamberin1hdividedbythechambervolume
storage of paint, setup of the small environmental test
measured in identical volume units, normally expressed in air
chambers, preparation of test specimens, chamber performance
-1
changes per hour (h ).
tests, sampling and reporting.
3.2.2 alkyd paint—also referred to as oil paint, it is a paint
5. Significance and Use
that contains drying oil or oil varnish as the basic vehicle
ingredient. 5.1 Latex and alkyd paints are used as coatings for walls,
2 3
wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint may
3.2.3 chamber loading (m /m )—the exposed surface area
be applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedly
of the test specimen coated with paint divided by the environ-
during the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paint
mental test chamber volume.
after application to surfaces.
3.2.4 clean air—air that does not contain any individual
5.2 There is a need for data on emissions from paint. The
VOC at a concentration in excess of 2 µg/m and does not
data can be used to compare emissions from different products.
contain greater than 10 µg/m for the sum of the VOCs
The data may be used to assist manufacturers in reducing or
measurable in the sample. The air should be conditioned to
eliminating VOC emissions from their products. The data may
remove particulates and ozone.
be used to predict concentrations of VOCs in a room or
3.2.5 environmental enclosure—a temperature controlled
building when used with appropriate indoor air quality models.
enclosure of sufficient size to contain the environmental test
5.3 Standard test practices and procedures are needed for
chamber(s) and allow adequate access to it to conduct the
the comparison of emissions data from different laboratories.
testing.
3.2.6 environmental test chamber—a chamber constructed
6. Apparatus
ofinertmaterialsintowhichamaterialcanbeplacedandtested
6.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental
to determine the VOC emission rate under controlled environ-
chamber testing facility and air sample collection systems.
mental conditions.
3.2.7 latex paint—a paint containing a stable aqueous dis- 6.2 Environmental Chamber Testing Facility, consisting of
persion of synthetic resin, produced by emulsion an environmental test chamber, a controlled-temperature envi-
polymerization, as the principal constituent of the binder. ronmental enclosure, a system for supplying clean and condi-
Modifying resins may be present. tioned air to the chamber, and fittings and manifolds on the
chamber outlet for collection of air samples. All materials and
3.2.8 primer—the first of two or more coats of a paint.
components in contact with the test specimen or air prior to
3.2.9 spreading rate—the area covered by a unit volume of
sample collection should be chemically inert and accessible for
coating material, frequently expressed as square feet per
cleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass.
gallon. It may also be referred to as coverage or coverage rate
All gaskets and flexible components should be made from
on paint container labels.
chemically inert materials. General guidance for design,
3.2.10 test specimen—a specimen of the paint applied to a
construction, configuration, and validation of an environmental
substrate such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineered
test chamber facility is provided in Guide D5116.
wood products.
6.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber, constructed of inert
materials of sufficient size to hold the test specimen. Small
3.2.11 volatile organic compound (VOC)—an organic com-
-2
environmental test chambers may range in size from a few
pound with saturation vapor pressure greater than 10 kPa at
litres to 5 m . Procedures recommended in this practice have
25°C.
been evaluated using environmental chambers with a volume
4. Summary of Practice
of 0.053 m . This volume is used in the practice for discussion
4.1 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam- and illustrative purposes. Chambers of different size and shape
pling emissions of VOCs, including formaldehyde and other may be used if the standard environmental test chamber
carbonyl compounds, from paint applied to building materials conditions can be maintained and chamber performance can be
such as gypsum wallboard, wood, and engineered wood demonstrated. The chamber should be equipped with an
products. Emissions tests are conducted using small environ- opening large enough for loading the test specimen and for
mental chambers operated in a dynamic mode with continuous cleaning the chamber. The chamber will be equipped with a
flow of humidified VOC-free air through the chambers. The port to supply air to the chamber, an air outlet from the
D6803 − 02 (2007)
chamber, and ports for temperature and relative humidity 6.3.3 For collection of VOCs during the emissions test,
probes. The chamber may be equipped with a fan to promote tubes containing single or multiple sorbents may be used. The
mixing in the chamber and to achieve the desired air velocity
sorbents may be porous polymers or graphitized carbon blacks.
across the surface of the test specimen.The performance of the Select an appropriate single or multi-layered sorbent tube
chamber should be evaluated prior to use to determine air- following the procedures in PracticeD6196, Guide D6345, and
tightness, surface adsorption effects, air mixing, and air veloc-
EPA Method TO-17. Recommendations on the use of sorbent
ity at the surface of the substrate. Some of the chamber tubes from manufacturers or suppliers should be followed in
performance (that is, air mixing and air velocity) should be
selecting the sampling airflow rate and sampling period to
evaluatedwithanuncoatedtestsubstrateinplace.Thechamber
avoid breakthrough of VOCs through the sorbent tube. The
performance should be tested and demonstrated following the required air sampling volume at each collection time point
guidelines presented in Guide D5116.
should be determined through consideration of the safe sam-
pling volume (SSV, see Practice D6196) of the VOC with the
6.2.2 Environmental Enclosure, of sufficient size to accom-
lowest retention volume, concentrations to be measured, and
modate the environmental test chamber and capable of main-
detection limits of the analytical method.
taining the desired temperature within 0.5°C.
6.2.3 Clean Air Supply System, capable of supplying a 6.3.4 For collection of VOCs during the first 10 to 20 h
following application of alkyd primer or paint, charcoal sor-
controlled flow of clean, humidified air into the test chamber,
as described in Guide D5116. The system should incorporate bents (Practice D3687) may be used due to the high concen-
hardwareforremovingparticles,ozone,andVOCsfromtheair trations of VOCs in the chamber air.
supplied to the chamber(s). Concentrations of VOCs and
6.3.5 For collection of formaldehyde and other carbonyl
aldehydes measured at the chamber inlet should not exceed 2
compounds,DNPH-silicagelcartridgesshouldbeusedfollow-
3 3
µg/m for any single compound or 10 µg/m for the sum of all
ing the Test Method D5197.
measurableVOCsinthesample.Therelativehumidity(RH)of
6.3.6 An airflow meter/controller should be used to control
the air supplied to the chamber(s) should be controlled to the
and measure the airflow rate during sample collection. The
desired set point within 65 % RH. The flow rate of the air
controller may consist of a precision flow control valve, a
supplied to the chamber should be controlled within 65%of
critical orifice, or a mass flow controller. The measurement
the set-point airflow rate. Ideally, the chamber system will be
device may consist of soap film bubble meter, calibrated high
designed such that a positive pressurization of the chamber of
precision rotameter, or mass flow meter. A mass flow meter/
approximately 10 Pa relative to the environmental enclosure
controller is recommended for use during sample collection.
will be maintained and monitored at all times during the test.
All flow measurements should be referenced to standard
6.2.4 Environmental Measurement System, consisting of
temperature and pressure.
hardware and software to measure and record the temperature,
RH, and airflow rates during operation of the test system. A
7. Procedures for Paint Selection, Handling, and Storage
system for continuous recording of the data is recommended.
7.1 Procedures for selection of the paint to be tested are a
6.3 Air Sampling Systems, consisting of sorbent tubes and
function of the objectives of the tests. Paint may be procured
DNPH-silica gel cartridges, a sampling manifold, vacuum
from clients, manufacturers, distributors, or retailers. Record
pumps, and airflow controllers/meters. Airflow controllers
pertinent information upon receipt of the paint including date
should control the airflow rate through the sampling system to
of acquisition, source of the paint, manufacturer, container
within 5 % of the specified value. All system components
size, lot number, and other relevant information on the label.
between the chamber and the sampling media should be
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