ASTM D7214-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The PAI is representative of the quantity of all the compounds containing a carbonyl function that have formed by the oxidation of the lubricant (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, etc.). The PAI gives representative information on the chemical degradation of the lubricant which has been caused by oxidation.
This test method was developed for transmission oils and is used in the CEC L-48-A-00 test (Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging) as a parameter for the end of test evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the oxidation of the lubricant.
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone of 1600–1800 cm-1. Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible interferences in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7214 − 07a
StandardTest Method for
Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR
1
Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method was jointly developed with “Groupement Francais de Coordination” (GFC),
technicalcommitteeLM5and“CoordinatingEuropeanCouncil”(CEC) SurveillanceGroupT-048for
the purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.
This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurement
parameter.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
tion of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared
2. Referenced Documents
Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of con-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
during the oxidation of the lubricant.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The
Petroleum Products
test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
service.
Measurement System Performance
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory E1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply. eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
E1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Perfor-
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the
mance Tests
presence of other components with an absorbance band in the
-1
2.2 CEC Standard:
zone of 1600–1800 cm . Low PAI values may be difficult to
CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils
determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible
3
Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging
interferences in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to molecular
standard.
spectroscopic methods, refer to Terminology E131.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 carbonyl region, n—region of the FT-IR spectrum
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
corresponding to the absorbance of compounds containing a
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7214–07. DOI: Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), c/o Interlynk Admin-
10.1520/D7214-07A. istrative Services, Ltd., P.O. Box 6475, Earl Shilton, Leicester, LE9 9ZB, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7214 − 07a
carbonyl function. Depending on the nature of the carbonyl used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
compounds, this region is usually located between approxi- sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
-1 -1
mately 1820 cm and 1650 cm . accuracy of the determination.
3.2.2 differential spectrum, n—FT-IR absorbance spectrum
8.2 Heptane, used as cleaning solvent. Other solven
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D7214–07 Designation:D7214–07a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR
1
Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method was jointly developed with “Groupement Francais de Coordination” (GFC),
technicalcommitteeLM5and“CoordinatingEuropeanCouncil”(CEC) SurveillanceGroupT-048for
the purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.
This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurement
parameter.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the
oxidation of the lubricant.
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method
is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test,
for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone
-1
of 1600–1800 cm . Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible interferences
in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
Performance
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E 1421 PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceofFourierTransformMid-Infrared(FT-MIR)Spectrometers:Level
Zero and Level One Tests
E 1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Performance Tests
2.2 CEC Standard:
3
CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.96 on
In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services.
Current edition approved July 15,Dec. 1, 2007. Published August 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
D 7214–067.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), c/o Interlynk Administrative Services, Ltd., P.O. Box 6475, Earl Shilton, Leicester, LE9 9ZB, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7214–07a
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to molecular spectroscopic methods, refer to Terminology E 131.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 carbonyl region, n—region of the FT-IR spectrum corresponding to the absorbance of compounds containing a carbonyl
-1
function.Dependingonthenatureofthecarbonylcompounds,thisregionisusuallylocatedbetweenapproximately1820cm and
-1
1650 cm
...
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