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ASTM D7214-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The PAI is representative of the quantity of all the compounds containing a carbonyl function that have formed by the oxidation of the lubricant (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, etc.). The PAI gives representative information on the chemical degradation of the lubricant which has been caused by oxidation.
This test method was developed for transmission oils and is used in the CEC L-48-A-00 test (Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging) as a parameter for the end of test evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the oxidation of the lubricant.
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone of 1600-1800 cm-1. Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible interferences in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jul-2007
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.96 - In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7214-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
Effective Date
15-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D7214-07a - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7590-22 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Effective Date
15-Jul-2007

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ASTM D7214-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase CalculationASTM D7214-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
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ASTM D7214-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D7214–07
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR
1
Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method was jointly developed with “Groupement Francais de Coordination” (GFC),
technicalcommitteeLM5and“CoordinatingEuropeanCouncil”(CEC) SurveillanceGroupT-048for
the purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.
This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurement
parameter.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
tion of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared
2. Referenced Documents
Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of con-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
during the oxidation of the lubricant.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The
Petroleum Products
test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
service.
Performance
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory
E 1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the
E 1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Perfor-
presence of other components with an absorbance band in the
-1
mance Tests
zone of 1600–1800 cm . Low PAI values may be difficult to
2.2 CEC Standard:
determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible
CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils
interferences in more detail.
3
Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to molecular
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spectroscopic methods, refer to Terminology E 131.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), c/o Interlynk Admin-
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 7214–06. istrative Services, Ltd., P.O. Box 6475, Earl Shilton, Leicester, LE9 9ZB, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7214–07
3.2.1 carbonyl region, n—region of the FT-IR spectrum sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
corresponding to the absorbance of compounds containing a accuracy of the determination.
carbonyl function. Depending on the nature of the carbonyl 8.2 Heptane, used as cleaning solvent. Other solvents and
compounds, this region is usually located between approxi- solvent mixtures may be used provided they adequately clean
-1 -1
mately 1820 cm and 1650 cm . the cell(s) between samples. A 50/50 mixture of cyclohexane
3
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off