ASTM C1113/C1113M-09

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The k-values determined at one or more temperatures can be used for ranking products in relative order of their thermal conductivities.  
Estimates of heat flow, interface temperatures, and cold face temperatures of single, and multi-component linings can be calculated using k-values obtained over a wide temperature range.
The k-values determined are “at temperature” measurements rather than “mean temperature” measurements. Thus, a wide range of temperatures can be measured, and the results are not averaged over the large thermal gradient inherent in water-cooled calorimeters.
The k-values measured are the combination of the k-values for the width and thickness of the sample, as the heat flow from the hot wire is in both of those directions. The water-cooled calorimeter measures k-value in one direction, through the sample thickness.
The test method used should be specified when reporting k-values, as the results obtained may vary with the type of test method that is used. Data obtained by the hot wire method are typically 10 to 30 % higher than data obtained by the water calorimeter method given in Test Method C 201.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thermal conductivity of non-carbonacious, dielectric refractories.
1.2 Applicable refractories include refractory brick, refractory castables, plastic refractories, ramming mixes, powdered materials, granular materials, and refractory fibers.
1.3 Thermal conductivity k-values can be determined from room temperature to 1500°C [2732°F], or the maximum service limit of the refractory, or to the temperature at which the refractory is no longer dielectric.
1.4 This test method is applicable to refractories with k-values less than 15 W/m·K [100 Btu·in./h·ft2·°F].
1.5 In general it is difficult to make accurate measurements of anisotropic materials, particularly those containing fibers, and the use of this test method for such materials should be agreed between the parties concerned.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with it's use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2009
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.02 - Thermal Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1113-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2013) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F3273-17(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Wrought Molybdenum-47.5 Rhenium Alloy for Surgical Implants (UNS R03700)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1113/C1113M − 09
StandardTest Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum
1
Resistance Thermometer Technique)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC1113/C1113M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C134Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thermal
Firebrick
conductivity of non-carbonacious, dielectric refractories.
C201Test Method forThermal Conductivity of Refractories
1.2 Applicable refractories include refractory brick, refrac-
C865Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
tory castables, plastic refractories, ramming mixes, powdered
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
materials, granular materials, and refractory fibers.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 Thermal conductivity k-values can be determined from
2.2 ISO Standard:
room temperature to 1500°C [2732°F], or the maximum
DIS*8894-2Refractory Materials - Determination of Ther-
service limit of the refractory, or to the temperature at which
mal Conductivity up to 1250°C of Dense and Insulating
the refractory is no longer dielectric.
Refractory Products According to the Hot Wire Parallel
3
Method
1.4 This test method is applicable to refractories with
2
k-values less than 15 W/m·K [100 Btu·in./h·ft ·°F].
3. Terminology
1.5 In general it is difficult to make accurate measurements
of anisotropic materials, particularly those containing fibers, 3.1 Symbols:
and the use of this test method for such materials should be 3.1.1 R —hot wire resistance at any temperature, ohms.
T
agreed between the parties concerned.
3.1.2 R —hot wire resistance at 0°C [32°F] (from an ice
0
bath), ohms.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
3.1.3 L—hot wire length, cm.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
3.1.4 T—sample test temperature, °C.
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
3.1.5 V—average voltage drop across hot wire, volts.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard.
3.1.6 V —average voltage drop across standard resistor,
s
volts.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with it’s use. It is the responsibility
3.1.7 R —average resistance of standard resistor, ohms.
s
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.1.8 I—average current through hot wire (V /R ), amperes.
s s
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1.9 Q—average power input to hot wire (I*V*100/L)
limitations prior to use.
during test, watts/m.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.10 t—time, min.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.11 B—slope of linear region in R vs. ln(t) plot.
T
3.1.12 k—thermal conductivity, W/m·K.
3.1.13 a, b, c—coefficients of a second degree polynomial
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
equation relating hot wire resistance and temperature.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
Properties.
3.1.14 V, I, and Q are preferably measured in the linear
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
region of the R versus ln(t) plot for maximum data accuracy.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1113–99 (2004). T
DOI: 10.1520/C1113_C1113M-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1113/C1113M − 09
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A constant electrical current is applied to a pure plati-
numwireplacedbetweentwobrick.Therateatwhichthewire
heats is dependent upon how rapidly heat flows from the wire
into the constant temperature mass of the refractory brick. The
rate of temperature increase of the platinum wire is accurately
determined by measuring its increase in resistance in the same
way a platinum resistance thermometer is used. A Fourier
equation is used to calculate the k-value based on the rate of
4
temperature increase of the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1113–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:C1113/C1113M–09
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum
1
Resistance Thermometer Technique)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1113/C 1113M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thermal conductivity of non-carbonacious, dielectric refractories.
1.2 Applicable refractories include refractory brick, refractory castables, plastic refractories, ramming mixes, powdered
materials, granular materials, and refractory fibers.
1.3 Thermal conductivity k-values can be determined from room temperature to 1500°C (2732°F),[2732°F], or the maximum
service limit of the refractory, or to the temperature at which the refractory is no longer dielectric.
2
1.4 This test method is applicable to refractories with k-values less than 15 W/m·K (100[100 Btu·in./h·ft ·°F). ·°F].
1.5 In general it is difficult to make accurate measurements of anisotropic materials, particularly those containing fibers, and the
use of this test method for such materials should be agreed between the parties concerned.
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with it’s use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C 201 Test MethodsMethod for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
C 865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodsMethod
2.2 ISO Standard:
DIS*8894-2 Refractory Materials - Determination of Thermal Conductivity up to 1250°C of Dense and Insulating Refractory
3
Products According to the Hot Wire Parallel Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Symbols:
3.1.1 R — hot wire resistance at any temperature, ohms.
T
3.1.2 R —hot wire resistance at 0°C (32°F)[32°F] (from an ice bath), ohms.
0
3.1.3 L—hot wire length, cm.
3.1.4 T—sample test temperature, °C.
3.1.5 V—average voltage drop across hot wire, volts.
3.1.6 V — average voltage drop across standard resistor, volts.
s
3.1.7 R — average resistance of standard resistor, ohms.
s
3.1.8 I—average current through hot wire (V /R ), amperes.
s s
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal and
Thermochemical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept.March 1, 2004.2009. Published October 2004.March 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
C 1113–99 (2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C1113/C1113M–09
3.1.9 Q—average power input to hot wire (I*V*100/L) during test, watts/m.
3.1.10 t—time, min.
3.1.11 B—slope of linear region in R vs. ln(t) plot.
T
3.1.12 k—thermal conductivity, W/m·K.
3.1.13 a, b, c—coefficients of a second degree polynomial equation relating hot wire resistance and temperature.
3.1.14 V, I, and Q are preferably measured in the linear region of the
...