ASTM D4741-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity measured under the conditions of this test method is considered to be representative of that at the temperatures and shear rates but not the pressures in the journal bearings of internal combustion engines under operating conditions.
5.2 The relevance of these conditions to the measurement of engine-oil viscosity has been discussed in many publications.6
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of oils at 150°C and 1 × 106s–1 and at 100°C and 1 × 10 6s–1, using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE/C or BS/C.
1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the working gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration oils cover a range from approximately 1.8 to 5.9 mPa-s (cP) at 150°C and 4.2 to 18.9 mPa-s (cP) at 100°C. This test method should not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of the apparatus. If it is so used, the precision statement will no longer apply.
1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for this reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for CEC L-36-A90, or from the distributor.
1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 This test method uses the millipascal seconds, mPa-s, as the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent cgs unit, centipoise, cP, is shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4741 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear
1
Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 Thistestmethod coversthelaboratorydeterminationof 2.1 ASTM Standards:
6 –1
the viscosity of oils at 150°C and1×10 s and at 100°C and D91Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
6 –1
1×10 s , using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer Oils
models BE/C or BS/C. D4683Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and
Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Tempera-
1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the work-
ture by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
ing gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration
D5481Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at
oils cover a range from approximately 1.8 to 5.9 mPa-s (cP) at
High-TemperatureandHigh-ShearRatebyMulticellCap-
150°C and 4.2 to 18.9 mPa-s (cP) at 100°C. This test method
illary Viscometer
should not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than
4
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of
L36-A90TheMeasurementofLubricantDynamicViscosity
the apparatus. If it is so used, the precision statement will no
under Conditions of High Shear (Ravenfield)
longer apply.
5
2.3 Energy Institute:
1.3 Anon-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the
IP 370Test Method for the Measurement of Lubricant
workingconditionsarecorrect.Theexactviscosityappropriate
DynamicViscosityUnderConditionsofHighShearUsing
to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number
the Ravenfield Viscometer
of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for
this reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the
3. Terminology
Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for
3.1 Definitions:
CEC L-36-A90, or from the distributor.
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity ob-
1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not
tained by this test method.
been determined in preparing this test method.
3.1.2 density, n—the mass per unit volume. In the SI, the
1.5 Thistestmethodusesthemillipascalseconds,mPa-s,as 3
unitofdensityisthekg/m ,butforpracticaluse,asubmultiple
the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent cgs unit, 3 –3 3
ismoreconvenient.Theg/cm is10 kg/m andiscustomarily
centipoise, cP, is shown in parentheses.
used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the viscosity to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
density of a liquid. It is a measure of the resistance of flow of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aliquidundergravity.IntheSI,theunitofkinematicviscosity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
isthemetresquaredpersecond;forpracticaluse,asubmultiple
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(millimetre squared per second) is more convenient. The
2
centistoke (cSt) is 1 mm /s and is often used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D02.07 on Flow Properties. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4741–06. DOI: the ASTM website.
4
10.1520/D4741-12. Available from CEC Secretariat, InterlynkAdministrative Services, Ltd., Lynk
2
This test method is technically identical to that described in CEC L36–A90 House, 17 Peckleton Lane, Desford, Leicestershire, LE9 9JU, United Kingdom.
5
(under the jurisdiction of the CEC Engine Lubricants Technical Committee) and in Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
IP370. U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4741 − 12
NOTE 1—Model BE/C has a restricted torque range and may not be
3.1.4 Newtonian oi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4741 − 06 D4741 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear
1
Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2 6 –1
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of oils at 150°C and 1 × 10 s and at 100°C and 1
6 –1
× 10 s , using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE/C or BS/C.
1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the working gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration oils
cover a range from approximately 1.8 to 5.9 mPa-s (cP) at 150°C and 4.2 to 18.9 mPa-s (cP) at 100°C. This test method should
not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of the apparatus.
If it is so used, the precision statement will no longer apply.
1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate to
each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for this
reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for CEC
L-36-A90, or from the distributor.
1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 This test method uses the millipascal seconds, mPa-s, as the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent cgs unit,
centipoise, cP, is shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered
Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary
Viscometer
4
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
L36-A90 The Measurement of Lubricant Dynamic Viscosity under Conditions of High Shear (Ravenfield)
5
2.3 Energy Institute:
IP 370 Test Method for the Measurement of Lubricant Dynamic Viscosity Under Conditions of High Shear Using the Ravenfield
Viscometer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2012. Published May 2006February 2013. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D4741–00.–06. DOI: 10.1520/D4741-06.10.1520/D4741-12.
2
This test method is technically identical to that described in CEC L36–A90 (under the jurisdiction of the CEC Engine Lubricants Technical Committee) and in IP 370.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from Coordination European Council, Madou Plaza, 25th floor, Place Madou 1, B-1030, Brussels, Belgium.CEC Secretariat, Interlynk Administrative Services,
Ltd., Lynk House, 17 Peckleton Lane, Desford, Leicestershire, LE9 9JU, United Kingdom.
5
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4741 − 12
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity obtained by this test method.
3
3.1.2 density, n—the mass per unit volume. In the SI, the unit of density is the kg/m , but for practical use, a submulti
...
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