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ASTM E2148-01

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety

Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2001
ICS
13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
Technical Committee
E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
Drafting Committee
E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2148-03 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2693-19 - Standard Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
10-May-2001
Referred By
ASTM F86-21 - Standard Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-May-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2889-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
10-May-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
Effective Date
10-May-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2523-13(2018) - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
Effective Date
10-May-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1687-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
Effective Date
10-May-2001

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ASTM E2148-01 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and SafetyASTM E2148-01 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
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ASTM E2148-01 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 2148 – 01
Standard Guide for
Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal
Removal Fluid Health and Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal 3.1.1 endotoxins, n—a lipopolysaccharide derived from the
fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient outer membrance of Gram-negative bacteria.
background information to effectively use the documents listed 3.1.2 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking
in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce
as applicable to producers, to users or to all. the finished part.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Metal removal fluids addressed by this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the practice include straight or neat oils, not intended for further
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- dilution with water, and water-miscible soluble oils, semisyn-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- thetics, and synthetics, which are intended to be diluted with
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. water before use. Metal removal fluids become contaminated
during use in the workplace with a variety of workplace
2. Referenced Documents
substances including, but not limited to, abrasive particles,
2.1 ASTM Standards: tramp oils, cleaners, dirt, metal fines and shavings, dissolved
E 1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-
metal and hard water salts, bacteria, fungi, microbiological
Miscible Metalworking Fluids decay products, and waste. These contaminants can cause
E 1497 Practice for Safe Use of Water-Miscible Metal
changes in the lubricity and cooling ability of the metal
Removal Fluids removal fluid as well as have the potential to adversely affect
E 1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Poten-
the health and welfare of employees in contact with the
tial of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids contaminated metal removal fluid.
E 1972 Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in Wet
3.1.3 mutagenicity index, n—the slope of the dose response
Metal Removal Environment curve for mutagenicity in the modified Ames test described in
PS 42 Method for Metal Removal Aerosol in Workplace
Test Method E 1687.
Atmospheres
4. Significance and Use
PS 94 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of
Endotoxin in Metal Removal Fluid Aerosols in Workplace 4.1 Application of this guide will provide users with infor-
Atmospheres mation on how to use the various documents listed in Section
2.2 Other Documents: 2 related to health and safety of metalworking and metal
Management of the Metal Removal Fluid Environment: A removal fluids.
Guide to Safe and Efficient Use of Metal Removal 4.2 Users of the documents listed in Section 2 may fall into
Fluids several categories, such as producers of metalworking or metal
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Expo- removal fluids, suppliers of raw materials to those producers,
sure to Metalworking Fluids users of metalworking or metal removal fluids, and other
interested parties, such as non governmental organizations.
4.3 While all parties may wish to be generally familiar with
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational
all the documents listed in Section 2, producers and users may
Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health
each want to focus on certain documents which are directly
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published July 2001.
applicable to them:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
4.4 Documents Applicable to Producers:
Discontinued, see 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
4 4.4.1 E 1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic
Available from Organization Resources Counselors, Inc., 1910 Sunderland
Place, NW, Washington DC 20036 or at http://www.orc-dc.com Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
Available from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
4.4.1.1 This test method covers a microbiological test pro-
Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occu-
cedure based upon the Salmonella mutagenesis assay of Ames
pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 2148
6 7
et. al (see also Maron et al ). It can be used as a screening be superseded by an improved permanent method that will
technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcino- remain correlated with historical databases. Improvements
gens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalwork- suggested include incorporating a size-selective inlet to sample
ing oils. Persons who use this test should be well-versed in the only that aerosol relevant to the health effects in question,
conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physical and eliminating potential loss to the filter support, increasing the
chemical properties of petroleum products. specificity of the test method further, and the addition of a
4.4.1.2 Producers of metalworking fluids and metal removal section in the sampler to collect semi-volatile compounds that
fluids should assure themselves that virgin base oils used in the are underestimated by current methods.
formulation of neat metalworking and metal removal oils and 4.5.4 PS 94 Provisional Practice for Personal Sampling and
soluble and semi-synthetic metal removal fluids have an Analysis of Endo
...

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Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Application of this guide will provide users with information on how to use the various documents listed in Section 2 related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids.  
4.2 Users of the documents listed in Section 2 may fall into several categories, such as producers of metalworking or metal removal fluids, suppliers of raw materials to those producers, users of metalworking or metal removal fluids, and other interested parties such as non-governmental organizations.  
4.3 While all parties may wish to be generally familiar with all the documents listed in Section 2, producers and users may each want to focus on certain documents which are directly applicable to them:  
4.4 Documents Applicable to Producers:  
4.4.1 E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids:  
4.4.1.1 Test Method E1687 covers a microbiological test procedure based upon the Salmonella  mutagenesis assay of Ames et al.7 (see also Maron et al.).8 It can be used as a screening technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcinogens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalworking oils. Persons who use this test should be well versed in the conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physical and chemical properties of petroleum products.
4.4.1.2 Producers of metalworking fluids and metal removal fluids should assure themselves that virgin base oils used in the formulation of neat metalworking and metal removal oils and soluble and semi-synthetic metal removal fluids have an acceptable mutagenicity index or mutagenic potency index.  
4.4.2 E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metal Removal Fluids:  
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4.4.2.2 Application of Guide E1302 will provide information on the acute toxicity ...
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1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.  
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1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of consensus definitions of terms used in ASTM occupational safety and health standards.  
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5.1 This guide is designed to help identify and integrate affected stakeholder interests and to include relevant scientific and technical information when developing occupational safety and health standards that include or are proposed to include an OEG.  
5.2 This guide shall be used when updating an occupational safety and health standard containing an OEG.  
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1.1 This guide presents a framework for a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based decision-making process for occupational safety and health standard development activities that include adoption or development of occupational exposure guidelines (OEGs) as a part of occupational health and safety standards.  
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4.1 This guide is intended to define work-related injuries and illnesses in a way that can be easily understood and measured across countries. These injuries and illnesses can be used to evaluate, compare, and continually improve management systems and programs related to worker safety and health. Although several levels of severity may be defined, the primary objective is to identify cases with meaningful connection to work and cases with such potential consequence that they have value for prevention purposes. The resultant data and incidence rates should improve global benchmarking consistency.  
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4.1 This guide includes chromates that are not readily soluble in water and that have water solubilities (Chromate ION) within the range of the more soluble calcium chromate and the much less soluble lead chromate. The major occupations involving potential exposure to insoluble chromates are in roasting of chromite ore, the manufacture of chromate pigments, the manufacture of coatings containing chromate pigments, and spray painting with these coatings. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that trivalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic.
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5.3 The fundamental assumption of the collaborative test is that the media tested, the concentrations used, and the participating laboratories are representative and provide a fair evaluation of the scope and applicability of the test method as written.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidance to task groups of Committee D22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres in planning and conducting collaborative testing of candidate methods.  
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