ASTM A729/A729M-09(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service
Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard requirements for heat-treated alloy steel axles and solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled railway service. Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals. Materials shall be forged, cooled and heat treated by normalizing, liquid quenching, tempering, and straightening. Steels shall conform to chemical composition requirements specified for each of the seven classes considered here. Conformance to mechanical property requirements such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area, shall be evaluated by tensile tests. Details of nondestructive ultrasonic and magnetic particle examination procedures are discussed thoroughly. Final axle products shall conform to purchaser-specified size, shape, and finish. Rough machining shall be free of excessively rough ridges and coarse chatter marks, and the finish machined axle surfaces shall be free of injurious imperfections.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled railway service.
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies.
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the general requirements of Specification A788/A788M are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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Designation: A729/A729M −09(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and
1
Electric Railway Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA729/A729M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
quirements
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
hauled railway service.
Blooms, and Forgings
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles
E1426 Test Method for Determining the Effective Elastic
with machined bodies.
Parameter for X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Re-
sidual Stress
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including
motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
2.2 Other Standards:
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Prac-
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the gen-
3
eral requirements of Specification A788/A788M are provided tices Wheels and Axles
for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These
shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser 3. Ordering Information
in the order.
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica- the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
lines ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
tion designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units. ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,
certification,productanalysisvariations,andadditionalsupple-
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
mentary requirements.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, then the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. 3.2 In addition to the ordering information required by
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser should include with
2. Referenced Documents
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch or written
2
description of the axle showing complete details pertaining to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dimensions, tolerances if more restrictive than those contained
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
in this specification, degree of finish, and location of stamping.
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
3.2.1 Unlessthepurchaserdesignatesaclassinthepurchase
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
order or contract, the class used shall be at the producer’s
Steel Forgings
discretion.
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Forgings
3.3 Supplementary requirements, if needed, including any
that are appropriate from Specification A788/A788M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4. Chemical Requirements
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
4.1 Chemical Composition—The steel shall conform to the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
ϵ1
chemical requirements specified in Table 1.
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A729/A729M – 09 .
DOI: 10.1520/A0729_A0729M-09R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Association of American Railroads (AAR), 425 Third St., SW,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20024, http://www.aar.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A729/A729M − 09 (2014)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition %
A
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class F ClassesG&H
Carbon 0.43-0.48 0.28-0.33 0.38-0.43 0.28-0.33 0.45-0.59 .
Manganese 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.60 0.75-1.00 0.70 0.90 0.60-0.90 0.60-0.90
Phosphorous 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.040 max 0.040
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A729/A729M − 09 A729/A729M − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and
1
Electric Railway Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A729/A729M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected 8.4.2.1 and 8.5.3 in October 2011.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated alloy steel axles for mass transit and commuter cars in electric and locomotive hauled
railway service.
1.2 This specification is for solid design roller bearing axles with machined bodies.
1.3 Various axle designs are used for this service including motor and non-motor with either inboard or outboard journals.
1.4 Supplementary requirements including those in the general requirements of Specification A788/A788M are provided for use
when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the axles shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E1426 Test Method for Determining the Effective Elastic Parameter for X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress
2.2 Other Standards:
3
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices Wheels and Axles
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification, product
analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, then the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2014. Published April 2009October 2014. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
ϵ1
A729/A729M – 06.A729/A729M – 09 . DOI: 10.1520/A0729_A0729M-09E01.10.1520/A0729_A0729M-09R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Association of American Railroads, http://www.aarpublications.com/. Railroads (AAR), 425 Third St., SW, Washington, DC 20024, http://
www.aar.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A729/A729M − 09 (2014)
3.2 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser should include with the
inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch or written description of the axle showing complete details pertaining to dimensions,
tolerances if more restrictive than those contained in this specification, degree of finish, and location of stamping.
3.2.1 Unless the purchaser designates a class in the purchase order or contract, the class used shall be at the producer’s
discretion.
3.3 Supplementary requirements, if needed, including any th
...
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