ASTM E3040-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray Scale
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray Scale
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gray scale grade GSC is useful to evaluate the color difference of any pair of colors that have been subjected to a test whose severity of result is nominated by color difference of the treated member to the untreated member. This includes, but is not limited to, scrub tests, exterior exposures, crocking tests, blocking tests, certain abrasion tests, and color transfer tests.
5.2 A major advantage of the instrumental method of obtaining gray scale grades is that under the visual method substantial screening and training of the operators in visual color assessment is required. No such burden is placed on the operators in this instrumental method.
5.3 The method is usually not used for staining tests which have their own gray scale for staining.
SCOPE
1.1 Test Method D2616 describes a painted gray scale and the procedure to be used in the visual evaluation of color differences on non-self-luminous materials by comparison to this scale. This practice provides an alternative method of obtaining a similarly valued result by an instrumental method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, except that the test results of this test method are converted by the calculations to an arbitrary visual scale defined by Test Method D2616, whose units are called GSC (Gray Scale for Change in Color).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E3040 − 16
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray
1
Scale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 105-A05 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part A05
1.1 Test Method D2616 describes a painted gray scale and
Instrumental assessment of change in colour for determi-
the procedure to be used in the visual evaluation of color
nation of grey scale rating
differences on non-self-luminous materials by comparison to
4
2.3 AATCC Standards:
this scale. This practice provides an alternative method of
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7 InstrumentalAssessment of
obtaining a similarly valued result by an instrumental method.
the Change in Color of a Test Specimen
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5
2.4 JIS Standards:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
JIS L 0809 Instrumental determination of colour fastness —
standard, except that the test results of this test method are
Change in colour and staining
converted by the calculations to an arbitrary visual scale
defined by Test Method D2616, whose units are called GS
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3. Terminology
(Gray Scale for Change in Color).
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are applicable to this test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 color change, n—a change in color of any kind
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
whether in lightness, hue, or chroma or any combination of
these, discernible by comparing the test specimen with a
2. Referenced Documents
corresponding untested specimen.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 gray scale grade, GS , n—for color change, the
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D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
numerical value that is assigned to the change in color of a test
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
specimen as compared to an original or untreated specimen.
Coordinates
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
4. Summary of Test Method
ence With a Gray Scale
4.1 Thecolorofaspecimenthathasbeensubmittedtoatest
E284 Terminology of Appearance
whoseseverityisevaluatedbychangeincolor,andanidentical
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
untreated specimen, are measured spectrophotometrically and
the CIE System
both of their colors evaluated by conventional means. The
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
conventional color difference attributes are converted to a Gray
Color Evaluation
Scale for Color Change by a series of calculations.
4.2 This practice is similar to the following three interna-
tional methods: AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7, ISO 105-
A05, and JIS L 0809.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
3
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3040 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/ 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
E3040-16. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.aatcc.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Japanese StandardsAssociation (JSA), Mita MTBldg., 3-13-12
the ASTM website. Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.jp.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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E3040 − 16
5. Significance and Use 9. Procedure
9.1 Measure the color of the reference specimen and calcu-
5.1 The gray scale grade GS is useful to evaluate the color
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late the CIELAB L*, a*, b*, C* and h values using the data for
difference of any pair of colors that have been subjected to a
the 10° observer and for illuminant D65.
testwhoseseverityofresultisnominatedbycolordiffere
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3040 − 15 E3040 − 16
Standard Test Method Practice for
Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray
1
Scale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Test Method D2616 describes a painted gray scale and the procedure to be used in the visual evaluation of color differences
on non-self-luminous materials by comparison to this scale. This test method practice provides an alternative method of obtaining
a similarly valued result by an instrumental method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard,
except that the test results of this test method are converted by the calculations to an arbitrary visual scale defined by Test Method
D2616, whose units are called GS (Gray Scale for Change in Color).
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 105-A05 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part A05 Instrumental assessment of change in colour for determination of
grey scale rating
4
2.3 AATCC Standards:
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7 Instrumental Assessment of the Change in Color of a Test Specimen
5
2.4 JIS Standards:
JIS L 0809 Instrumental determination of colour fastness — Change in colour and staining
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 color change, n—a change in color of any kind whether in lightness, hue, or chroma or any combination of these,
discernible by comparing the test specimen with a corresponding untested specimen.
3.2.2 gray scale grade, GS , n—for color change, the numerical value that is assigned to the change in color of a test specimen
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as compared to an original or untreated specimen.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color
and Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015July 1, 2016. Published December 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3040
– 15. DOI: 10.1520/E3040-15.10.1520/E3040-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://www.aatcc.org.
5
Available from Japanese Standards Association (JSA), Mita MT Bldg., 3-13-12 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.jp.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3040 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The color of a specimen that has been submitted to a destructive test whose severity is evaluated by change in color, and
an identical untreated specimen, are measured spectrophotometrically and both of their colors evaluated by conventional means.
The conventional color difference attributes are converted to a Gray Scale for Color Change by a series of calculations.
4.2 This test method practice is similar to the following three international test methods: AATCC Eval
...
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