ASTM D5993-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine if the GCL material meets specifications for mass per unit area at approximately 0 % moisture content, by oven-drying. It can be used as an index test for quality control or quality assurance to determine specimen conformance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). The test method is also applicable to a multicomponent GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply subtracting the manufacturer's reported nominal mass of the geosynthetic component(s) from the total mass of the dry GCL. The moisture content of the GCL can also be determined by subtracting the initial total mass of the GCL from the total mass of the dry GCL.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.
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Designation: D5993 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5993; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of 3.1 Definitions:
the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner 3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
(GCL).Thetestmethodisalsoapplicabletoamulticomponent polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
subtracting the manufacturer’s reported nominal mass of the man-made project, structure, or system. D4439
geosyntheticcomponent(s)fromthetotalmassofthedryGCL.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
The moisture content of the GCL can also be determined by
barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
subtractingtheinitialtotalmassoftheGCLfromthetotalmass
geosynthetic material(s).
of the dry GCL.
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mass of dry clay.
standard.
3.1.4 multicomponent GCL, n—GCL with an attached film,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
protecting the clay core, or both.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for
humidityuntilthereisnofurthersignificantchangeinitsmass.
specific precautionary statements.
D123
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The mass per unit area is determined by weighing
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
(oven-dried) specimens of known initial size after drying in an
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
oven over a sufficient time period to remove the moisture from
D4643Test Method for Determination of Water Content of
the GCL.
Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating
4.2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
GCL can be estimated by subtracting the manufacturer’s
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
reported nominal mass per unit area of the synthetic compo-
Construction Materials Testing
nent(s) from the total GCL mass per unit area.
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
NOTE 1—The supplier of the geosynthetic clay liner must be able to
Ventilation Ovens
verify that the actual mass/unit area of the synthetic component(s) is
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
within 610% of the reported nominal value.Amore accurate estimation
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
of the actual dry clay mass per unit area could be obtained by using the
actual average value for the synthetic component(s) (as obtained from the
manufacturer for the actual lots used to make the GCL) rather than the
1 nominal value.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
4.3 The moisture content of the GCLcan be estimated with
thetic Clay Liners.
this test method.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5993–99(2009).
5. Significance and Use
DOI: 10.1520/D5993-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 This test method is used to determine if the GCL
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
material meets specifications for mass per unit area at approxi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mately0%moisturecontent,byoven-drying.Itcanbeusedas
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5993 − 14
an index test for quality control or quality assurance to 9.2 A sample of a GCL should be cut into specimens in a
determin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5993 − 99 (Reapproved 2009) D5993 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5993; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner
(GCL). The test method is also applicable to a multicomponent GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply subtracting
the manufacturer’s reported nominal mass of the geosynthetic component(s) from the total mass of the dry GCL. The moisture
content of the GCL can also be determined by subtracting the initial total mass of the GCL from the total mass of the dry GCL.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Section 78 for specific precautionary statements.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic
material(s). (Currently being balloted under D35 Committee on Terminology.)
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the mass of dry
clay.
3.1.4 multicomponent GCL, n—GCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity or
protecting the clay core, or both.
3.1.5 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidity
until there is no further significant change in its mass. D123
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2014. Published January 2010August 2014. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D5993 – 99(04).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5993-99R09.10.1520/D5993-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5993 − 14
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The mass per unit area is determined by weighing (oven-dried) specimens of known initial size after drying in an oven over
a sufficient time period to remove the moisture from the GCL.
4.2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GCL can be estimated by subtracting the manufacturer’s reported
nominal mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) from the total GCL mass per unit area.
NOTE 1—The supplier of the geosynthetic clay liner must be able to verify that the actual mass/un
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