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ASTM F2661-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit Tribometer

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit Tribometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the friction coefficient and the lifetime of oils and greases, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, speed, Hertzian stress, materials, temperature, and atmosphere, by means of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT). This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of the lifetimes of fluid lubricants under vacuum and ambient conditions.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
F34 - Rolling Element Bearings
Drafting Committee
F34.02 - Tribology
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2661-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit TribometerASTM F2661-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit Tribometer
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ASTM F2661-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit Tribometer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2661 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative
Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit
1
Tribometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination 3.1 Definitions:
of the friction coefficient and the lifetime of oils and greases, 3.1.1 coeffıcient of friction—the dimensionless ratio of the
when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions friction force between two bodies to the normal force pressing
of preparation, speed, Hertzian stress, materials, temperature, these bodies together.
and atmosphere, by means of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer
3.1.2 fixed plate—stationary, horizontal flat plate, typically
(SOT).This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation
through which a force (the “load”) is applied to the ball.
of the lifetimes of fluid lubricants under vacuum and ambient
3.1.3 friction coeffıcient limit—maximum value that the
conditions.
friction coefficient is permitted to attain.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
3.1.4 guide plate—physical element that deflects the ball to
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
its original orbit radius.
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
3.1.5 lubricant total amount— mass of lubricant deposited
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
on the entire ball surface at the beginning of the test.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to 3.1.6 normalized lifetime—number of ball orbits performed
use.
until the friction coefficient limit is reached divided by the
lubricant total amount initially deposited on the ball.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 rotary plate—flat plate rotating at a constant rate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
selected for the test.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
3.1.8 scrub zone—Region of the ball’s orbit in which the
F22Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the
ball is in contact with the guide plate.
Water-Break Test
3.1.9 spiral orbit—track traced by the ball on the fixed and
F2215Specification for Balls, Bearings, Ferrous and Non-
rotating plates of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer. The track has a
ferrous for Use in Bearings, Valves, and Bearing Appli-
spiral shape.
cations
G115Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-
4. Summary of Test Method
cients
4.1 Alubricatedballisclampedbetweentwoparallelplates.
2.2 Anti Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association Stan-
One of the plates rotates up to 210 rpm, causing the ball to roll
3
dards
in a near-circular orbit, but is actually an opening spiral. A
ANSI ABMA ISO 3290(AFBMA Standard 10 Balls)
clamping force, the “load”, provides a chosen mean Hertz
stress (typically 1.5 GPa). The system is targeted to operate in
1 the boundary lubrication regime due to the combination of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeF34 on Rolling
Element Bearings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F34.02 on
high load, the moderate speed, and the small amount of
Tribology.
lubricant (approximately 50 µg). The ball rolls and pivots in a
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
spiral orbit and is maintained in the orbit by the guide plate.
F2661-07.
2
The ball slides on the rotating plate when it contacts the guide
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
plate.Themeasuredforceexertedbytheballontheguideplate
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
is used to determine the friction coefficient. The tribometer
the ASTM website.
3
runs until the coefficient of friction rises to values much larger
Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA), 8221
Old Courthouse Road, Suite 207 Vienna, Virginia 22182. than the initial, steady value.At this point the initial charge of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2661 − 07
lubricanthasbeendepletedbytribodegradationandthesystem 6.1.1 General description—Fig. 3 shows a schematic draw-
is running virtually unlubricated. The normalized lifetime is ing of a typical SOT. The system consists of a lubricated ball
obtained from the number
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribological Behavior and the Relative Lifetime of a Fluid Lubricant using the Spiral Orbit Tribometer

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5.1 Relevance of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT)—The SOT was designed to evaluate the relative degradation rates of liquid lubricants in a contact environment similar to that in an angular contact bearing operating in the boundary lubrication regime. It functions as a screening device to quickly select the lubricants, evaluate the ability of various components of a lubricant (base oil, thickener, or additive) to lubricate a contact in rolling, pivoting, and sliding conditions simultaneously, and study their chemical decomposition if necessary. The SOT provides a means to study the tribological behavior of oils and greases during operation, while they undergo changes as a function of typical parameters encountered in the lubrication field (temperature, environment, materials used, load applied, and speed). Test conclusion is defined to be when a friction coefficient limit (typically an increase of 0.1 above the steady state value) is surpassed. Normalized lubricant lifetime is then defined as the number of orbits completed divided by the initial amount of lubricant used (in μg). The SOT was initially developed to evaluate lubricants for space applications, but is also relevant for conventional environments. Some results in vacuum are presented (Fig. 1). At this time, no data for tests in ambient conditions have been published (see Fig. 2). The user of this test method should determine to their own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test procedures.
FIG. 1 Relative lifetimes of three typical space lubricants at 23°C in vacuum on 52100 steel  
Pepper, S.V., Kingsbury, E.P., “Spiral Orbit Tribometry – Part II: Evaluation of Three Liquid Lubricants in Vacuum”,  Tribo. Trans., V 46, 1, pp 65-69, 2003
FIG. 2 Comparison between full scale bearing tests** and SOT data at 23°C on 440C steel.  
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3.3 Use of terms as defined in this terminology standard will enable all stakeholders to use metalworking industry terms in the appropriate context, thereby improving interdisciplinary communications.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of ASTM and non-ASTM consensus definitions of terms used in the metalworking industry.  
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1.3 This terminology standard defines primary metalworking operations, fluid types, and other terms germane to the practice of metalworking fluid management.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D7038-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
5.2 The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,6 SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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