ASTM E1135-97(2003)

Standard Test Method for Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the techniques for comparing the brightness of the penetrants used in the fluorescent dye penetrant process. This comparison is performed under controlled conditions which eliminate most of the variables present in actual penetrant examination. Thus, the brightness factor is isolated and is measured independently of the other factors which affect the performance of a penetrant system.
1.2 The brightness of a penetrant indication is dependent on the developer with which it is used. This test method however, measures the brightness of a penetrant on a convenient filter paper substrate which serves as a substitute for the developer.
1.3 The brightness measurement obtained is color-corrected to approximate the color response of the average human eye. Since most examination is done by human eyes, this number has more practical value than a measurement in units of energy emitted. Also, the comparisons are expressed as a percentage of some chosen standard penetrant because no absolute system of measurement exists at this time.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2003
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1135-97 - Standard Test Method for Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM E1135-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1417/E1417M-21e1 - Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E 1135 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
1
Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method describes the techniques for comparing 4.1 Simulated indications are prepared by impregnating
the brightness of the penetrants used in the fluorescent dye filterpaperwithaspecifiedquantityofthepenetrantundertest.
penetrant process. This comparison is performed under con- The samples and similarly prepared standards are then mea-
trolledconditionswhicheliminatemostofthevariablespresent sured in a fluorometer equipped to excite the penetrant with
in actual penetrant examination. Thus, the brightness factor is near ultraviolet (black) light and respond to color approxi-
isolated and is measured independently of the other factors mately as does the human eye under the conditions encoun-
which affect the performance of a penetrant system. tered during a normal examination. The fluorometer must be
1.2 The brightness of a penetrant indication is dependent on equipped with a special sample holder to accept the samples
the developer with which it is used. This test method however, employed.
measures the brightness of a penetrant on a convenient filter 4.2 The sample preparation is not indicative of the total
paper substrate which serves as a substitute for the developer. system performance but is convenient as a lot acceptance test.
1.3 The brightness measurement obtained is color-corrected A known amount of penetrant is diluted with a specified
to approximate the color response of the average human eye. amountofavolatilesolvent,piecesoffilterpaperaresoakedin
Since most examination is done by human eyes, this number the mixture, the paper is dried under specified conditions at
has more practical value than a measurement in units of energy room temperature, placed in the sample holder, and measured
emitted.Also,thecomparisonsareexpressedasapercentageof with the fluorometer.
some chosen standard penetrant because no absolute system of
5. Significance and Use
measurement exists at this time.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 The penetrant is one of the major components of the
fluorescent penetrant process, and very influential in the degree
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of performance attained by a given system or group of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- materials. The penetrant must enter the discontinuity, be
removed from the part surface but not from the discontinuity,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bebroughtoutofthediscontinuitybythedeveloper,andfinally
2. Referenced Documents
viewed and detected by the inspector. If all processing param-
2.1 ASTM Standards: eters are optimized for the parts being examined and the
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to examination materials in use, the intrinsic brightness of the
2
Determine the Precision of a Test Method penetrant becomes the factor which governs the sensitivity of
3
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations the system.
5.2 Because the eye responds logarithmically rather than
3. Terminology
linearly to changes of brightness, differences in brightness
3.1 Definitions:
must be fairly large to be significant. Differences of 25 % are
3.1.1 Definitionsoftermsapplicabletothistestmethodmay obvious, 12 % noticeable, and 6 % detectable by the eye.
be found in Terminology E 1316.
Experts may sometimes detect 3 % differences, but these are
not usually significant to the average observer.
5.3 The significance of the results also depends on the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
deviation between readings on the same material sample.
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on
Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Different samples, even when prepared out of the same initial
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
quantity of penetrant will not exactly reproduce readings.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1135 – 97.
These differences occur because of paper differences and
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3
penetrant migration on the paper samples.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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