ASTM A745/A745M-94(2003)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight and angle beam techniques. This practice does not cover the ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings. The instrument used for this test method shall be the electronic pulsed reflection type. Prior to examination, specimens shall be heat treated and machined to a rectangular, parallel, or concentric surface configuration, and its surface shall be free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, and dirt. Calibration of the apparatus shall be done by either the single-block method or distance-amplitude curve method. Choice of method to be employed shall be determined by the test metal distance involved. Quality levels for acceptance, established by the type and amount of indication present, are detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the standards and procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight or angle beam techniques, or both.
1.2 This practice shall be used whenever the inquiry, proposal, contract, order, or specification states that austenitic steel forgings are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A 745/A 745M. Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A 531, not to this practice.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the practice.
1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A 745/A 745M–94 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
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Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of
2 Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
1.1 This practice covers the standards and procedures for
E 317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics
the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic
of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination Instruments and
steelforgingsbythestraightoranglebeamtechniques,orboth.
Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement
1.2 This practice shall be used whenever the inquiry, pro-
Instruments
posal,contract,order,orspecificationstatesthatausteniticsteel
E 428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer-
forgings are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accor-
ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Examination
dance with PracticeA 745/A 745M. Ultrasonic examination of
2.2 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Docu-
nonmagneticretainingringforgingsshouldbemadetoPractice
ment:
A 531, not to this practice.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
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Personnel Qualification and Certification
be regarded as standard.Within the text, the SI units are shown
in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact
3. Ordering Information
equivalents; therefore, each system must be used indepen-
3.1 When this practice is to be applied to an inquiry or
dently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
purchase order, the purchaser shall furnish the following
may result in nonconformance with the practice.
information:
1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications
3.1.1 Quality level of examination (see Section 12).
are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However,
3.1.2 Additional requirements to this practice.
unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification
3.1.3 Applicability of supplementary requirements (see
designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to
Supplementary Requirements section).
inch-pound units.
3.2 When specified, the manufacturer shall submit an ex-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
amination procedure for purchaser approval that shall include,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
but not be limited to, a sketch of the configuration as presented
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for ultrasonic examination showing the surfaces to be scanned,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
scanning directions, notch locations and sizes (if applicable),
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
extent of coverage (if applicable), and an instruction listing
2. Referenced Documents calibration and inspection details and stage of manufacture.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Apparatus
4.1 An electronic, pulsed, reflection type of instrument shall
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be used for this examination. The system shall have a mini-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
mum capability for operating at frequencies from 0.5 to 5.0
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
MHz. Either video or r-f presentation is acceptable.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
4.2 The ultrasonic instrument shall provide linear presenta-
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 745 – 94 (1999).
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- tion (within 6 5 % of the signal height) for at least 75 % of the
cation SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code.
screen height (sweep line to top of screen). This 5 % linearity
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlin-
the ASTM website. gate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518.
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A 745/A 745M–94 (2003)
is descriptive of the screen presentation of amplitude. Instru- 6.2 The surfaces of the forging to be exa
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