ASTM C650-04(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.
3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C650 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory
tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic
whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by
or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except
prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly
hydrofluoric acid.
used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other
more severe conditions. 3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of
determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and was found to be more reliable than the determination of
standard.
loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are
glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental
v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and
value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute
g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved
surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Test Tubes, plain-end flint glass test tubes with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Pipets, glass with a volume of at least 50 mL with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gradations in 1-mL increments.
2. Summary of Test Method
4.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
2.1 This test method calls for one or more tests, each 110 6 5°C.
consisting of exposing flat pieces of ceramic tile to the action
4.4 Pencil, HB hardness grade.
of a specific chemical substance for a definite period of time at
4.5 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper
a prescribed temperature. After exposure, the surfaces of the
towels.
tile are rinsed with water and inspected for effect.
4.6 Distilled or Deionized Water , for preparation of the
3. Significance and Use
solutions.
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that
4.7 Light Source, standard, that supplies a 300 lux of
are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar
illumination.
residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they
may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste sub-
5. Reagents
stances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
contact with strong cleaning agents.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeial
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C650 – 04 (2009). and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
DOI: 10.1520/C0650-04R14. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C650 − 04 (2014)
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently 6. Samples
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
6.1 Number of Test Specimens—One defect-free test speci-
the determination.
men that is representative of the entire surface for each test
5.2 The required dilutions for the preparation of each test solution is to be used.Test specimens shall be representative of
solution is found in Table 1 of this test method. the sample, and where tiles have different colors of decorative
effects, take care to include all distinctive parts and more test
5.2.1 Common Household and Cleaning Chemicals:
specimens as necessary to incorporate all surface features.
5.2.1.1 Acetic acid, 3 % (v/v).
5.2.1.2 Acetic acid, 10 % (v/v).
6.2 Size of Specimens—The original tile for testing should
5.2.1.3 Ammonium chloride, 100 g/L.
be cut to 50 by 50-mm squares for testing with each cut piece
5.2.1.4 Citric acid solution, 30 g/L.
labeled according to the testing solution to be applied.
5.2.1.5 Citric acid solution, 100 g/L.
6.3 The sample surfaces should be cleaned thoroughly with
5.2.1.6 Lactic acid, 5 % (v/v).
asuitablesolvent,suchasacetone,andcompletelydriedbefore
5.2.1.7 Phosphoric acid, 3 % (v/v).
testing.
5.2.1.8 Phosphoric acid, 10 % (v/v).
6.4 The test specimens can be glazed or unglazed tile. If the
5.2.1.9 Sulfamic acid, 30 g/L.
tile are glazed, then apply the testing solutions to the glazed
5.2.1.10 Sulfamic acid, 100 g/L.
surface.
5.3 Swimming Pool Chemicals—Sodium hypochlorite
solution, 20 mg/L, prepared from technical grade sodium
7. Procedure for Test Solution Application
hypochlorite with about 13 % of active chloride.
7.1 Application of the Test Solutions :
5.4 Acids and Bases:
7.1.1 Dry the test specimens thoroughly at 110 6 5°C
5.4.1 Hydrochloric acid solution, 3 % (v/v).
before testing, and then cool the tile to room temperature.
5.4.2 Hydrochloric acid solution, 18 % (v/v).
7.1.2 The labeled test specimens are laid out on a table in a
5.4.3 Potassium hydroxide, 100 g/L.
well-ventilated area.Warning—Since this test method in-
5.4.4 Potassium hydroxide, 30 g/L.
volves the use of concentrated acids and bases, take proper
precautions for the handling of these chemicals, such as
5.5 This test method may be used for exposing tile to any
protective clothing and fume hoods.
chemical substance deemed appropriate for the expected ser-
7.1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C650 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) C650 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged
exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe
conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L
which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 This test method calls for one or more tests, each consisting of exposing flat pieces of ceramic tile to the action of a specific
chemical substance for a definite period of time at a prescribed temperature. After exposure, the surfaces of the tile are rinsed with
water and inspected for effect.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential,
medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in
areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and
the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was
indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming
in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.
3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and
alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss,
particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual
effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Test Tubes, plain-end flint glass test tubes with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
4.2 Pipets, glass with a volume of at least 50 mL with gradations in 1-mL increments.
4.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 110 6 5°C.
4.4 Pencil, HB hardness grade.
4.5 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper towels.
4.6 Distilled or Deionized Water , for preparation of the solutions.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published March 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
C650C650 – 04 (2009).–04. DOI: 10.1520/C0650-04R09.10.1520/C0650-04R14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C650 − 04 (2014)
4.7 Light Source, standard, that supplies a 300 lux of illumination.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity
to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 The required dilutions for the preparation of each test solution is found in Table 1 of this test method.
5.2.1 Common Household and Cleaning Chemicals:
5.2.1.1 Acetic acid, 3 % (v/v).
5.2.1.2 Acetic acid, 10 % (v/v).
5.2.1.3 Ammonium chloride, 100 g/L.
5.2.1.4 Citric acid solution, 30 g/L.
5.2.1.5 Citric acid solution, 100 g/L.
5.2.1.6 Lactic acid, 5 % (v/v).
5.2.1.7 Phosphoric acid, 3 % (v/v).
5.2.1.8 Phosphoric acid, 10 % (v/v).
5.2.1.9 Sulfamic acid, 30 g/L.
5.2.1.10 Sulfamic acid, 100 g/L.
5.3 Swimming Pool Chemicals—Sodium hypochlorite solution, 20 mg/L, prepared from technical grade sodium hypochlorite
with about 13 % of active chloride.
5.4 Acids and Bases:
5.4.1 Hydrochloric acid solution, 3 % (v/v).
5.4.2 Hydrochloric acid solution, 18 % (v/v).
5.4.3 Potassium hydroxide, 100 g/L.
5.4.4 Potassium hydroxide, 30 g/L.
5.5 This test method may be used for exposing tile to any chemical substance deemed appropriate for the expected service
conditions and may specify any reasonable combination of time and temperature for the exposure period. Exposure substances,
time, and temperatures should be selected, either to simulate service conditions or accelerate deterioration that is possible under
expected service conditions, or bear some other meaningful relation to expected service conditions.
5.6 Hydrofluoric acid should not be used as a test substance because most ceramics are silicates and are quite readily attacked
by this acid.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeial and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
TABLE 1 Preparation of Test Solutions
Amount of Reagent Distilled Water
Test Solution Reagent Source Required for Test Required for Test
Solution Solution
Common Household and Cleaning Chemicals
Acetic acid, 3 % (v/v) 99.7 % glacial acetic acid 30 mL 970 mL
Acetic acid, 10 % (v/v) 99.7 % glacial acetic acid 100 mL 900 mL
Ammonium chloride, 100 g/L 99.5 % ammonium chloride 100 g 900 mL
Citric acid solution, 30 g/L 99.5 % citric acid 30 g 970 mL
Citric acid solution, 100 g/L 99.5 % citric acid 100 g 900 mL
Lactic acid, 5 % (v/v) 85 % lactic acid 50 mL 950 mL
Phosphoric acid, 3 % (v/v) 85 % phosphoric acid 30 mL 970 mL
Phosphoric acid
...
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