ASTM D8073-22

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation Instrument

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an indication of the presence of surfactants in aviation fuel. Like Test Methods D2550, D3602, D3948, and D7224, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. In addition, these test methods can detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can affect the WSI. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.  
5.2 The small scale water separation tester has a measurement range from 0.0 WSI to 100.0 WSI.
Note 1: WSI values greater than 100.0 WSI can be caused by a reduction in the light transmittance (see A1.1.5) of the test specimen due to material that was removed during the testing process.  
5.3 This test method was developed so refiners, fuel terminal operators, pipelines, and independent testing laboratory personnel can rapidly and precisely measure for the presence of surfactants, with a minimum of training, in a wide range of locations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water when passed through a water-coalescing filter.  
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index (WSI).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.05 - Fuel Cleanliness

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8073 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of
Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation
1
Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3948 TestMethodforDeterminingWaterSeparationChar-
acteristicsofAviationTurbineFuelsbyPortableSeparom-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of
eter
aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
when passed through a water-coalescing filter.
Petroleum Products
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
(WSI).
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7224 TestMethodforDeterminingWaterSeparationChar-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
taining Additives by Portable Separometer
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Definitions:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1 surfactant, n—in petroleum fuels, surface active ma-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
terial (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
filter separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is not
removed from the fuel in actual service.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Technically, surfactants affect the inter-
2
facial tension between water and fuel, which affects the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tendency of water to coalesce into droplets.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3
of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)
3.2.1 sonicator, n—a device that applies ultrasonic sound
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of
energy to the test specimen.
3
Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The sonicator is used to emulsify the
water and aviation fuel.
3.2.2 water separation index (WSI), n—a numerical rating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
indicating the ease of separating water from fuel by coales-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
cence.
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A high WSI indicates a fuel that sepa-
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D8073 – 21. DOI:
rates water easily and is relatively free from surfactants.
10.1520/D8073-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Summary of Test Method
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1 A fixed volume of test specimen is poured into the test
the ASTM website.
3
beaker. The apparatus is purged with the test specimen. A
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. precise amount of water containing a specific dye is added to
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8073 − 22
the test beaker. The test specimen and dyed water are emulsi- 7.2.2 Reference Fluid Base—A surfactant-free aviation tur-
fied using a sonicator. The resulting emulsion is passed at a bine fuel th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8073 − 21 D8073 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of
Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation
1
Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water when
passed through a water-coalescing filter.
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index (WSI).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)
3
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021April 1, 2022. Published January 2022May 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D8073 – 16
(2021).D8073 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D8073-21.10.1520/D8073-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8073 − 22
D7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing
Additives by Portable Separometer
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 surfactant, n—in petroleum fuels, surface active material (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate) filter
separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is not removed from the fuel in actual service.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Technically, surfactants affect the interfacial tension between water and fuel, which affects the tendency of water to coalesce into
droplets.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 sonicator, n—a device that applies ultrasonic sound energy to the test specimen.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The sonicator is used to emulsify the water and aviation fuel.
3.2.2 water separation index (WSI), n—a numerical rating indicating the ease of separating water from fuel by coalescence.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
A high WSI indicates a fuel that separates water easily and is relatively free from surfactants.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A fixed volume of test specimen is poured into the test beaker. The apparatus is purged with the test specimen. A precise
amount of water containing a
...