ASTM D4644-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks
Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is used to estimate qualitatively the durability of weak rocks in the service environment.(1-7).
This test method is used to assign quantitative durability values to weak rocks. A primary example is the Franklin Rating System (1).
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake durability index of a shale or other similar rock after two drying and wetting cycles with abrasion.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4644 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core
Samples
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
durability index of a shale or other similar rock after two
Data
drying and wetting cycles with abrasion.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Sieves
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026. 3. Terminology
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
Terminology D653
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
3.2.1 slake durability index—the percentage by dry mass of
standard is beyond its scope.
a collection of shale pieces retained on a 2.00 mm (No. 10)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sieve after two cycles of oven drying and 10 min of soaking in
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
water with a standard tumbling and abrasion action.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The test method is used to estimate qualitatively the
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
durability of weak rocks in the service environment.(1-7).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 This test method is used to assign quantitative durability
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
valuestoweakrocks.AprimaryexampleistheFranklinRating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
System (1).
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
2. Referenced Documents
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this
Fluids
standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;
Rock for Site Exploration
Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass 5. Apparatus
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
5.1 Slake Durability Device—The drum (Fig. 1) shall be
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
made of 2.00 mm (No. 10) square-mesh, woven-wire cloth,
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
conformingtotherequirementsofSpecificationE11.Itshallbe
cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of 140 mm (5.5 in.) and
a length of 100 mm (3.9 in.). The ends shall be rigid plates,
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland with one removable end. It must be sufficiently strong to retain
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
itsshapeduringuse,butneithertheexteriorofthemeshnorthe
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved
interior of the drum shall be obstructed by a support.The drum
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4644 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/
shall be able to withstand a temperature of 110 6 5°C (230 6
D4644-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4644–87 (Reapproved 1992) Designation:D4644–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the slake durability index of a shale or other similar rock after two drying and
wetting cycles with abrasion.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D653
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1
3.2.1 slake durability index—the percentage by dry mass retained of a collection of shale pieces retained on a 2.00 mm (No.
10) sieve after two cycles of oven drying and 10 min of soaking in water with a standard tumbling and abrasion action.
4. Significance and Use
4.1The test method is used to estimate qualitatively the durability of weak rocks in the service environment.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-18D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved Feb. 2, 1987. Published April 1987.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4644 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D4644-08.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4644–08
4.2This test method is used to assign quantitative durability values to weak rocks. A primary example is the Franklin Rating
System
3
4.1 The test method is used to estimate qualitatively the durability of weak rocks in the service environment.(1-7).
4.2 This test method is used to assign quantitative durability values to weak rocks. A primary example is the Franklin Rating
System (1).
NOTE 1—The quality of th
...
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