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ASTM D4359-90(2000)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2000
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4359-90(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM F3363-19 - Standard Specification for Unvented Liquid/Gel Fuel-Burning Portable Devices
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM E3277-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM F3159-15(2022) - Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM F3429/F3429M-23 - Standard Specification for Performance of Flame Mitigation Devices Installed in Disposable and Pre-Filled Flammable Liquid Containers
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000

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ASTM D4359-90(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a SolidASTM D4359-90(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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ASTM D4359-90(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the lastest information
e1
Designation: D 4359 – 90 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—5.1 changed editorially in June 2000.
1. Scope 5.5 Stopwatch.
5.6 Ruler.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a
viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.
6. Sampling
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
6.1 Using standard sampling techniques, secure a represen-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
tative sample from the lot or batch being tested, in accordance
only.
with Practices D3925 or E300.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
7. Test Specimen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top quart can that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
is at least 85% full, use the can and material as supplied.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7.2 If not, place the material to be tested into the quart can,
filling it to at least 85% and allowing enough ullage for
2. Referenced Documents
expansion of the material without displacement of the cover.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
NOTE 1—The can is considered 85% filled when the material level is
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals no more than 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below the lip of the can.
8. Procedure
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The material under test is held at 38°C (100°F) in a 8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at
386 3°C (1006 5°F).Allow the contents of the can to come
tightlyclosedcan.Thelidisremovedandthecaninverted.The
flow of the material from the can is observed to determine to temperature equilibrium (18 to 24 h).
8.2 Place the tripod or ring stand on a level surface.
whether it is a solid or a liquid.
8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibrium
4. Significance and Use
take the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi- With the ruler, measure the distance from the surface of the
nationofwhetheramaterialisaliquidorasolid.Asimilartest material to the top of the lip of the can and record.
is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this 8.4 Invert the can onto the tripod or ring stand in a vertical
purpose. position over the tared watchglass. If a skin has formed on the
surfaceofthematerial,breaktheskinpriortoinvertingthecan.
5. Apparatus
Determinetheflowofthespecimenoutofthecanattheendof
5.1 Paint Can, 1 L (1 quart), with li
...

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FIG. 1 Alignment of Panels for Scrubbing
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1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
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5.1 Contrast ratio at a specified film thickness is a useful hiding power parameter for production control and purchasing specifications.  
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1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thickness  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) contrast ratio.
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Note 2: Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power in Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
Note 3: The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric hiding power measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is slightly less than complete.  
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic spraying.  
1.3 These test methods determine hiding power by means of reflectometric and thickness gauge measurements. They are limited to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of 15 %.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2794-93(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

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5.1 Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damaging impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist cracking caused by impacts.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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