ASTM D4359-90(2006)

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compliance with regulations often requires the determination of whether a material is a liquid or a solid. A similar test is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2006
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4359-90(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D4359-90(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E3277-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F3429/F3429M-23 - Standard Specification for Performance of Flame Mitigation Devices Installed in Disposable and Pre-Filled Flammable Liquid Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F3159-15(2022) - Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F3363-19 - Standard Specification for Unvented Liquid/Gel Fuel-Burning Portable Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D4359 − 90 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 Oven, maintained at a temperature of 38°C (100°F).
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a 5.3 Tripod or Ring Stand.
viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.
5.4 Watchglass, tared.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.5 Stopwatch.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 5.6 Ruler.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Sampling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1 Using standard sampling techniques, secure a represen-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tative sample from the lot or batch being tested, in accordance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with Practices D3925 or E300.
2. Referenced Documents
7. Test Specimen
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top quart can that
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
is at least 85 % full, use the can and material as supplied.
Pigmented Coatings
7.2 If not, place the material to be tested into the quart can,
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
filling it to at least 85 % and allowing enough ullage for
3. Summary of Test Method expansion of the material without displacement of the cover.
Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.
3.1 The material under test is held at 38°C (100°F) in a
tightlyclosedcan.Thelidisremovedandthecaninverted.The
NOTE 1—The can is considered 85 % filled when the material level is
flow of the material from the can is observed to determine no more than 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below the lip of the can.
whether it is a solid or a liquid.
8. Procedure
4. Significance and Use
8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi-
38 6 3°C (100 6 5°F). Allow the contents of the can to come
nation of whether a material is a liquid or a solid.Asimilar test
to temperature equilibrium (18 to 24 h).
is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this
8.2 Place the tripod or ring stand on a level surface.
purpose.
8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibrium
5. Apparatus
take the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.
With the ruler, measure the distance from the surface of the
5.1 Paint Can, 1 L (1 quart), with lid, diameter approxi-
1 3
material to the top of the lip of the can and record.
mately 108 mm (4 ⁄4 in.), height 120 mm (4 ⁄4 in.).
8.4 Invert the can onto the tripod or ring stand in a vertical
position over the tared watchglass. If a skin has formed on the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
surfaceofthematerial,breaktheskinpriortoinvertingthecan.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of P
...