ASTM E2817-11(2018)

Standard Test Method for Test Fueling Masonry Heaters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for determining emission factors and emission rates for cordwood or other densified, binder free biomass fuel burning masonry heaters.  
5.1.1 The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.  
5.1.2 The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.  
5.1.3 The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from masonry heaters, but must be used with caution as use patterns must be factored into any prediction of atmospheric particulate matter impacts from masonry heaters based on results from this method.  
5.2 The reporting units are grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel (emissions factor), grams of particulate per hour of heating cycle (heating cycle emissions rate, based on the builder or manufacturer’s specified firing interval), and grams of particulate per hour of test run (combustion period emissions rate, based on the tested combustion period).  
5.3 Warning—Use of masonry heater emissions rate reporting numbers (grams per hour) for comparative purposes with other solid fuel burning appliances will require careful study of each of the appliance’s comparative operating characteristics in the given application. Intermittently fired appliances such as masonry heaters and continuously fired appliances such as wood and pellet stoves are not accurately compared by their respective emissions rates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from solid fuel biomass (cordwood or other densified, binder free biomass fuels) fires in masonry heaters. It may also be used to test other similar appliances (see 3.2.20).  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the operation and fueling of masonry heaters during particulate emissions measurement test periods. The prescribed methods and procedures of these protocols are performed on masonry heaters installed and operated in accordance with the builder or manufacturer’s specifications.  
1.3 In conjunction with Test Method E2515, this test method provides a protocol for laboratory emissions testing of masonry heaters that is intended to simulate actual use in residential homes and other consumer applications. Since such actual use involves almost solely cordwood fueling, Annex A1, Cordwood Fuel, provides as close a simulation as is currently possible of consumer use, and is recommended for predicting actual consumer emissions performance. For regulatory and other potential uses in comparing relative emissions of various masonry heater products and designs, Annex A2, Cribwood Fueling, and Annex A3, Cribwood Fuel, Top-Down Burn, provide optional additional fueling protocols that substitute dimensional lumber cribs for the cordwood fuel. Data that establish the relationships between the emissions results generated by Annex A2 and Annex A3 and the emissions results generated by Annex A1 are not currently available.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2018
• ICS: 97.100.30 - Solid fuel heaters
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.54 - Solid Fuel Burning Appliances

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2817-11 - Standard Test Method for Test Fueling Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM E1602-03(2017) - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM E2515-11(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E2515-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM E2515-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution tunnel
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2010
• Refers: ASTM E1602-03(2010)e1 - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM E2515-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution tunnel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E2515-07 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution tunnel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Refers: ASTM E631-06 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Refers: ASTM E1602-03 - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Refers: ASTM E1602-01 - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Refers: ASTM E1602-94 - Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Refers: ASTM E631-93a(1998)e1 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 28-Jul-2000

Overview

ASTM E2817-11(2018), developed by ASTM International, specifies the standard test method for fueling and operating masonry heaters in order to determine their particulate matter emissions. Applicable to masonry heaters that burn cordwood or other densified, binder-free biomass fuels, this test method is critical for both product development and regulatory compliance. The standard outlines detailed protocols to simulate real-world use in residential settings, supporting accurate emissions measurement and providing reporting requirements useful for manufacturers, regulators, and air quality professionals.

Key Topics

• Particulate Emissions Measurement: The standard covers procedures for quantifying emissions, essential for understanding environmental impact and meeting air quality regulations.
• Test Fuels: It provides guidance for using cordwood and alternative densified biomass fuels, along with optional protocols for cribwood fueling.
• Reporting Metrics: Results are reported in grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel (emission factor), per hour of heating cycle (heating cycle emission rate), and per hour of combustion (combustion period emission rate).
• Installation & Operation: Masonry heaters must be installed and operated per the builder’s or manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure consistent, reliable testing.
• Comparative Use Limitations: Emission rates for masonry heaters, which are intermittently fired, should not be directly compared to continuously fired appliances like wood or pellet stoves due to differences in operation patterns.
• Safety Practices: The standard emphasizes establishing appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices when conducting emissions testing.

Applications

• Product Development: Manufacturers and builders can use the emission factor data to improve masonry heater designs, optimizing for lower emissions and enhanced performance.
• Regulatory Compliance: Government agencies and regulatory bodies rely on this standard to assess whether masonry heater models meet emission performance limits, supporting standards for improved indoor air quality.
• Air Quality Impact Assessment: The measured emission rates inform studies on the potential air quality impacts of masonry heater usage, assisting with environmental policy decisions.
• Consumer Guidance: By simulating household use scenarios, this standard provides consumers and end users with credible emissions data, contributing to more informed purchasing decisions.

Related Standards

• ASTM E2515: Test Method for the Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel - used in conjunction for emissions measurement.
• ASTM E1602: Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters - provides guidance for product construction.
• EN 15250: European standard for slow heat-release appliances fired by solid fuel.
• EN 15544: Standard for calculation methods specific to tiled or mortared stoves.
• NIST Monograph 175: Standard Limits of Error - referenced for calibration and measurement procedures.
• US EPA Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations: Cited for calibration gas methods and regulatory compliance.

Summary

The ASTM E2817-11(2018) Standard Test Method for Test Fueling Masonry Heaters establishes essential testing protocols for determining particulate matter emissions in masonry heaters using biomass fuels. Through its thorough coverage of fueling types, installation protocols, and reporting metrics, the standard is an indispensable resource for manufacturers, inspectors, and regulators focused on clean air compliance and product development. By adhering to its guidelines and related standards, stakeholders can ensure accurate emissions assessments and contribute positively to environmental health and consumer safety.

Keywords: ASTM E2817, masonry heater emissions, particulate matter testing, biomass fuel, cordwood stove emissions, air quality compliance, masonry heater test methods, ASTM standards, regulatory emissions testing, indoor air quality.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2817 − 11 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Test Fueling Masonry Heaters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
solid fuel biomass (cordwood or other densified, binder free
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
biomass fuels) fires in masonry heaters. It may also be used to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
test other similar appliances (see 3.2.20).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method is applicable to the operation and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fueling of masonry heaters during particulate emissions mea-
surement test periods. The prescribed methods and procedures 2. Referenced Documents
of these protocols are performed on masonry heaters installed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and operated in accordance with the builder or manufacturer’s
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
specifications.
E1602Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Ma-
sonry Heaters
1.3 In conjunction with Test Method E2515, this test
E2515Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter
method provides a protocol for laboratory emissions testing of
Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
masonry heaters that is intended to simulate actual use in
2.2 Other Standards:
residential homes and other consumer applications. Since such
EN15250Slow Heat Release Appliances Fired By Solid
actualuseinvolvesalmostsolelycordwoodfueling,AnnexA1,
Fuel-Requirements And Test Methods
Cordwood Fuel, provides as close a simulation as is currently
EN15544One Off Kachelgrundfen/Putzgrundfen (Tiled/
possible of consumer use, and is recommended for predicting
Mortared Stoves): Calculation Method
actual consumer emissions performance. For regulatory and
NISTMonograph175Standard Limits of Error
other potential uses in comparing relative emissions of various
masonry heater products and designs, Annex A2, Cribwood USEPATitle40Code of Federal Regulations
Fueling, and Annex A3, Cribwood Fuel, Top-Down Burn,
3. Terminology
provide optional additional fueling protocols that substitute
dimensional lumber cribs for the cordwood fuel. Data that 3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined
establish the relationships between the emissions results gen-
in Terminology E631.
erated by Annex A2 and Annex A3 and the emissions results
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
generated by Annex A1 are not currently available.
3.2.1 ashpit loss, n—the incomplete burned residue (char-
coal) left with the ash after a test run is completed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2 burn rate, n—the average rate at which test-fuel is
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
consumed in a masonry heater during a test run. The burn rate
tion only and are not considered standard.
excludes the inorganic salts and minerals (that is, “ash”) and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2817–11. DOI: Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
10.1520/E2817-11R18. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2817 − 11 (2018)
incompletely burned residues (charcoal) remaining at the end 3.2.14 fuel piece, n—(1) cordwood fuel: triangularly split
of a test run; measured in mass of dry wood burned per hour solid wood fuel: each piece shall be able to pass through a
(kg/hour, lb/hour).
152-mm(6-in.)holewhilenotpassingthrougha76-mm(3-in.)
hole. Other cordwood cross sections shall be allowed if
3.2.3 calibration error, n—the difference between the gas
specified in the builder or manufacturer’s instructions. (2) crib
concentration displayed by a gas analyzer and the known
fuel:“2×2,”“2×4,”or“4×4”woodpiecesusedtoconstruct
concentration of the calibration gas when the calibration gas is
fuel cribs: “2×2,” “2×4,” and “4×4” referring to the
introduced directly to the analyzer.
nominal width and depth dimensions for commonly available
3.2.4 calibration (span) drift, n—the difference between the
dimensional lumber. The actual dimensions are
expected instrument’s response and the actual instrument’s
1 1
38mm×38mm (1 ⁄2 in.×1 ⁄2 in.), 38 mm × 89 mm
response when a calibration (span) gas is introduced to the
1 1 1 1
(1 ⁄2in.×3 ⁄2 in.) and 89mm×89mm (3 ⁄2in.×3 ⁄2 in.).
analyzer after a stated period of time has elapsed during which
3.2.15 fuel weight, total, n—(1) cordwood: the total weight
no maintenance, repair or adjustment has taken place:
of the kindling and fuel pieces used in a test run (the test load
calibration span drift5
~ !
can be added as multiple fuel loadings if the builder or
~actualresponse 2 expectedresponse!
S D manufacturer indicates this in the operating instructions; no
expectedresponse
suchindividualfuelloadingshallbelessthan20%ofthetotal
3.2.5 calibration (span) gas, n—a known concentration of
fuel weight). (2) crib fuel: the total weight of the kindling and
carbon dioxide (CO ), carbon monoxide (CO), or oxygen (O )
2 2
fuel pieces and spacers.
in nitrogen (N ), or a combination thereof.
3.2.16 grate, n—for the purposes of masonry heater testing
3.2.6 combustion period emissions rate (ER ), n—the
CP
and operation, any grate included with the masonry heater or
particulate emissions rate during the masonry heater combus-
specifiedbythemasonryheaterbuilderormanufacturerforthe
tion period only (cf. heating cycle emissions rate).
purpose of supplying combustion air, elevating the fuel load
3.2.7 Douglas fir, n—for crib fueling protocols; untreated,
above the hearth, preventing fuel pieces from falling outside
standard, or better grade Douglas fir lumber with agency grade
the intended burning area, or all of the above. The volume
stamp: D. Fir or Douglas Fir.
below a fuel-elevating grate shall not be considered part of the
usable firebox volume.
3.2.8 firebox, n—the chamber within the masonry heater
where the fuel is placed and combusted.
3.2.17 heating cycle emissions rate (ER ), n—theeffective
HC
3.2.9 firebox length, n—the longest horizontal fire chamber particulate emissions over the heating cycle of the masonry
dimension where fuel pieces might reasonably be expected to
heater. It is calculated based on the builder or manufacturer’s
be placed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written specified period of time between firings in which the heat
instructions that is parallel to a wall of the chamber (in non
stored in the masonry heater radiates useful heat to the heated
orthogonal fireboxes the fuel load will be placed according to space (cf. combustion period emissions rate).
the builder or manufacturer’s instructions or at the best
3.2.18 internal assembly, n—the core construction and fire-
judgment of the testing lab).
box design factors that may affect combustion function or
3.2.10 firebox width, n—theshortesthorizontalfirechamber
particulate emissions factor of a masonry heater.
dimension where fuel pieces might reasonably be expected to
3.2.19 kindling brand, n—the fuel comprised of fuel strips
be placed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
separated by air spaces and placed above or contiguous to
instructions that is parallel to a wall of the chamber (in non
crumpled newspaper to initiate combustion in the tested
orthogonal fireboxes the fuel load will be placed according to
masonry heater (see Annex A2, Cribwood Fueling, or Annex
the builder or manufacturer’s instructions or at the best
A3, Cribwood Fuel, Top-Down Burn).
judgment of the testing lab).
3.2.20 masonry heater, n—solid-fuelbiomassburningappli-
3.2.11 firing interval (Θ ), n—the period of time during
FI
ance or unit as described in Guide E1602. This method may
whichthestoredheatenergyisreleasedpriortothenextfiring,
also be used in testing other appliances conforming to
as specified by the builder or manufacturer.
EN15250 or EN15544, or both, but not necessarily conform-
3.2.12 flue-gas temperature, n—the temperature measured
ing to the Guide E1602 masonry heater definition.
attheprimaryflue-gassamplingandtemperaturemeasurement
3.2.21 maximum flue-gas oxygen depression, n—the differ-
location: Pre-Test flue-gas temperature is measured at the
ence between the baseline air supply oxygen concentration
Primary Flue-Gas Sampling and Temperature Measurement
(thatis,20.9%)andthelowestoxygenconcentrationmeasured
Locationwithin15minutesbeforeatestisinitiatedandatleast
1 hour after the masonry heater was closed in accordance with andrecordedduringthetestrunor,alternatively,thedifference
betweenthebaselineairsupplyoxygenconcentration(20.9%)
9.5.2.
and the lowest oxygen measured and recorded during the test
3.2.13 fuel crib, n—the fuel load placed in the firebox prior
run determined by subtracting the maximum flue gas carbon
totheteststart.Thefuelcribincludesallofthekindlingpieces,
dioxide(CO )andcarbonmonoxide(CO)valuesfrom20.9%:
fuelpiecesandspacersneededtoassembleafuelcrib.Specific
fuel crib configurations are described in AnnexA2, Cribwood CO
maximumO depression 5 20.9%2 %CO 1 %
F S DG
2 2
Fueling, or Annex A3, Cribwood Fuel, Top-Down Burn. 2
E2817 − 11 (2018)
3.2.22 particulate matter (PM), n—all gas-borne matter time has elapsed during which no maintenance repair or
resultingfromcombustionofsolidfuel,asspecifiedinthistest adjustment has taken place:
method, which is collected in accordance with Test Method
actualresponse 2 expectedresponse
~ !
zerodrift 5 3100
E2515. S D
span ~spanvalue!
3.2.23 primary flue-gas sampling and temperature measure-
3.2.36 zero gas, n—a gas with no detectable (measurable)
ment location, n—area within the center 33% of the cross-
amounts of CO , CO, or O (usually N ), or a combination
2 2 2
sectional area of the flue-gas exhaust duct at the point 30 cm
thereof.
(12 in.) downstream from the beginning of the flue collar or
4. Summary of Test Method
chimney system anchor plate or other connector used to
connect the chimney to the masonry heater. 4.1 This test method is to be used in conjunction with Test
Method E2515.The test masonry heater is constructed, fueled,
3.2.24 response time, n—the amount of time required for a
andfiredaccordingtothebuilderormanufacturer’sinstallation
gas measurement system to respond and display a 95% step
and operating instructions. In the absence of such written
change in a gas concentration.
instructions, this test method provides defaults for the testing
3.2.25 sampling system bias, n—the difference between the
laboratory or other users to determine needed testing values.
gas concentrations displayed by an analyzer when a gas of
4.2 Thebuilderormanufacturerofthemasonryheaterbeing
known concentration is introduced at the inlet of the sampling
evaluated shall provide the following, as furnished to consum-
probe and the gas concentration displayed when the same gas
ers or other end users:
is introduced directly to the analyzer.
4.2.1 Minimum and maximum designed heating capacity in
3.2.26 spacers, n—wood pieces used to hold individual fuel
kilowatts (BTU/hr),
pieces together when constructing fuel cribs. Their function is
4.2.2 Firing interval (hours),
to provide reproducible fuel crib geometry and air spaces
4.2.3 Minimum and Maximum fuel load in kilograms
between fuel pieces, as well as to hold the fuel cribs together
(pounds),
(with nails).
4.2.4 Usablefireboxdimensionsincentimetres(inches)and
3.2.27 span (or span value), n—the upper limit of a gas
volume in cubic centimetres (cubic inches),
analyzer’s measurement range. (Typically 25% for CO and 4.2.5 Fuel piece length in centimetres (inches), and
O , and 5% or 10% for CO.)
4.2.6 A copy of the operating manual as furnished to
consumers or other end users.
3.2.28 test facility, n—the area in which the masonry heater
is installed, operated, and sampled for emissions; may include
5. Significance and Use
commercial and residential structures.
5.1 This test method is used for determining emission
3.2.29 test-fuel loading factor, n—theratiobetweentest-fuel
factors and emission rates for cordwood or other densified,
crib volume, including kindling pieces and inter-fuel-piece
binder free biomass fuel burning masonry heaters.
spacing, and the usable firebox volume. For these protocols,
5.1.1 Theemissionfactorisusefulfordeterminingemission
the test-fuel loading factor for masonry heaters is 0.30 (that is,
performance during product development.
30%) unless otherwise specified.
5.1.2 The emission factor is useful for the air quality
regulatory community for determining compliance with emis-
3.2.30 testrun,n—thetimefromthestartofatestatignition
untilthetimeflue-gasoxygenconcentrationhasrecoveredtoat sion performance limits.
5.1.3 The emission rate may be useful for the air quality
least 95% of the ambient oxygen concentration. A valid test
must consume at least 90% of the test fuel weight (see regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality
9.5.8.2). from masonry heaters, but must be used with caution as use
patterns must be factored into any prediction of atmospheric
3.2.31 test series, n—a group of test runs at a lab on the
particulate matter impacts from masonry heaters based on
same masonry heater.
results from this method.
3.2.32 total sampling time (Θ), n—the time that elapses
5.2 The reporting units are grams of particulate per kilo-
between the start of the test as described in 9.5.3 and the end
gram of dry fuel (emissions factor), grams of particulate per
of the test as described in 9.5.7 (in minutes).
hour of heating cycle (heating cycle emissions rate, based on
3.2.33 usable firebox height, n—the height within the fire-
the builder or manufacturer’s specified firing interval), and
boxatorbelowwhichfuelisplaced.Theusablefireboxheight
grams of particulate per hour of test run (combustion period
istobespecifiedbythebuilderormanufacturer.Intheabsence
emissions rate, based on the tested combustion period).
of a builder or manufacturer specification, the usable firebox
5.3 Warning—Use of masonry heater emissions rate re-
height is the height of the top of the loading door.
porting numbers (grams per hour) for comparative purposes
3.2.34 usable firebox volume (F ), n—the volumetric space
v
with other solid fuel burning appliances will require careful
within the firebox of a masonry heater into which fuel is
study of each of the appliance’s comparative operating char-
intended to be placed.
acteristics in the given application. Intermittently fired appli-
3.2.35 zero drift, n—The difference between the expected ances such as masonry heaters and continuously fired appli-
instrumentsresponseandtheactualinstrumentsresponsewhen ances such as wood and pellet stoves are not accurately
a zero gas is introduced to the analyzer after a stated period of compared by their respective emissions rates.
E2817 − 11 (2018)
6. Safety 7.8.1 Probe—A stainless steel probe (304 or better) with a
6.3-mm (0.25-in.) inside diameter (ID) and at least long
6.1 Disclaimer—This test method may involve hazardous
enough to reach the far side of the chimney/flue at the flue gas
materials,operations,andequipment.Thistestmethodmaynot
sampling location.
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
7.8.2 Filters—In line high density fiberglass filters to re-
the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish
move solids and condensable materials from the sample gas
appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the
stream. Disposable filter cartridges may be used.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this
7.8.3 Condenser/Dryer—Anysystemcapableofcondensing
test method.
the water vapor and organics in the gas sample.
7.8.4 Vacuum Gauge—Avacuumgaugewitharangeof0to
7. Equipment and Supplies
760mm(0to30in.)tomeasurethevacuumonthesuctionside
of the pump during leak checks and operation.
7.1 Masonry Heater Flue Gas Temperature Measurement
7.8.5 Flow Meter—A rotameter with a flow control valve
Device—A3.2mm (0.125in.) diameter sheathed, non-isolated
that has a range that contains the flow rate required by the gas
junction TypeK thermocouple capable of measuring flue-gas
analyzer. If two or more analyzer’s are used, each analyzer
temperature with an accuracy of 2.2°C (4.0°F), or 0.75% of
shall have a flow meter controlling the gas sample flow to it.
the reading, whichever is greater. This must meet the calibra-
The rotameters controlling the sample flow rate to each
tion requirements specified in 8.3.
analyzer shall be installed immediately upstream of the ana-
7.2 Test Facility Temperature Monitor—A thermocouple lyzers. A flow meter is also required for determining flows
duringleakchecksifthesampleflowisreroutedawayfromthe
located centrally in a vertically oriented 150mm (6in.) long,
50-mm (2-in) diameter pipe shield that is open at both ends. gas analyzers during leak checks.
7.8.6 Pump—An inert (that is, Teflon or stainless steel
This must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.3.
heads)samplingpumpcapableofdeliveringmorethatthetotal
7.3 Test Fuel Scale—A scale capable of weighing test fuel
amount of sample required in the manufacturer’s instructions
piecesortestcribstowithin0.005kg(0.01lb).Thismustmeet
for the individual instruments.
the calibration requirements specified in 8.2.
7.9 Gas Analyzer—A gas analyzer capable of measuring
7.4 Wood Moisture Meter—Acalibratedelectricalresistance
oxygen (O ) in the range of 0.0to 25.0% or, alternatively,
meter capable of measuring test fuel moisture to within 1%
carbon dioxide (CO ) in the range of 0.0to 25.0% and carbon
moisture content. This must meet the calibration requirements
monoxide (CO) in the range of 0.00to 5.00% or 0.00to
specified in 8.1.
10.00%. All flue-gas analyzers shall meet the measurement
system performance specifications in 8.8.
7.5 Anemometer—A device capable of detecting air veloci-
tieslessthen0.10m⁄sec(20ft⁄min)andusedformeasuringair
8. Calibration and Standardization
velocities in the test facility near the test appliance.
8.1 Wood Moisture Meter—Calibrate as in accordance with
7.6 Barometer—A mercury, aneroid, or other barometer
the manufacturer’s instructions before each test run.
capableofmeasuringatmosphericpressurewithanaccuracyof
8.2 Test Fuel Scale—Perform a multipoint calibration (at
62.5mmHg (60.01in.Hg). This must the meet calibration
leastfivepointsspanningtheoperationalrange)ofthetestfuel
requirements specified in 8.6.
scalebeforeitsinitialuse.Thescalemanufacturer’scalibration
results are sufficient for this purpose. Before each certification
7.7 Draft Gauge—An electro-manometer or inclined liquid
test run, audit the scale by weighing at least one calibration
manometer for the determination of flue/chimney draft (that is,
weight (ASTM Class F) that corresponds to between 20% and
static pressure) readable to within 1.0Pa (0.02in.).
80% of the expected test fuel piece or test fuel crib weight. If
7.8 Flue-Gas Sample Conditioning System—The flue gas
the scale cannot reproduce the value of the calibration weight
conditioning system consists of a high density filter to remove
within0.05kg(0.1lb)or1%oftheexpectedtestfuelpieceor
particulatematterandacondensercapableofloweringthedew
test fuel crib weight, whichever is greater, recalibrate the scale
point of the gas to less than 5°C (40°F). A desiccant may be
before use with at least five calibration weights spanning the
used to dry the sample gas. The temperature sensor measuring
operational range of the scale.
the temperature of the gas exiting the condenser in the gas
8.3 Temperature Sensors—Temperature measuring equip-
conditioning system shall be inserted directly into the gas
ment shall be calibrated before initial use and at least semi-
stream. If the high density filter is heated to help prevent
annually thereafter. Calibrations shall be in compliance with
clogging, the sample gas exit temperature shall be ≤120°C
NISTMonograph175.
(≤248°F). The temperature shall be measured with the tem-
8.4 Anemometer—Calibrate the anemometer in accordance
perature sensing device inserted in the gas stream within 1-in.
with the manufacturer’s instructions before initial use and
downstreamofthefiltersupport(frit).Thetemperaturesensing
semiannually thereafter.
devices must be capable of measuring the flue gas sample
stream temperature(s) with an accuracy of 2.2°C (4°F). This 8.5 Barometer—Calibrate the barometer against a mercury
must meet calibration requirements specified in 8.3. The gas
barometer before initial use and at least semiannually thereaf-
conditioning system consists of the following: ter.
E2817 − 11 (2018)
8.6 Draft Gauge—Calibrate the draft gauge in accordance gas is switched to the high-range calibration gas and ending at
with the manufacturer’s instructions before initial use and at the time the respective analyte analyzer reading is 95% of the
least semiannually thereafter. difference in the calibration gas concentrations utilized. Or
alternatively, insert the probe of a complete leak checked
NOTE1—Aninclinedliquidmanometerdoesnotrequirecalibrationbut
flue-gas sampling system into a flue connected to a solid fuel
must be checked for level and zero before each test run.
burning appliance with a fire burning in it. At the flue-gas
8.7 Gas Analyzer Calibration—The O analyzers or CO
2 2
sampling port used during testing allow the flue gas sampling
and CO analyzers, or both, shall be calibrated in accordance
system to operate until a stable reading is obtained on the gas
with the manufacturer’s instructions and the procedures speci-
analyzer(s). Then remove the probe from the chimney, simul-
fied in 9.3.4.
taneously starting a stop watch. Note and record the amount of
8.7.1 Sampling System Bias—The bias shall be≤3% of the
timetotheinitialgasanalyzer(s)responseandthetimeittakes
span value for the high-range calibration gas used.
toreacha95%changeinthegasanalyzersresponse.Continue
8.7.2 Resolution—The resolution of the output from each
to measure the response for each analyzer until the output is
gas analyzer shall be at least 0.01% of the span value.
0.00% for CO and CO analyzers or 20.9% for O analyzers.
2 2
8.7.3 Analytical Interference—The interference of CO mea-
surementscausedbythepresenceofCO intheflue-gasesshall NOTE 3—For the most accurate response time measurement use the
above procedures with a large hot coal bed with the masonry heater’s air
be determined by the sampling of high-range CO calibration
controls set on high.
gas through the CO analyzer system. A calibration gas in the
range of 10to 12% CO and 0.00% CO by volume shall not
9. Procedure
cause the CO analyzer to indicate a measurement of more than
0.20% CO.
9.1 Preconditioning—The test masonry heater may be fired
8.7.4 Carbon Dioxide (CO ) Gas Analyzer Accuracy prior to the test period for the purposes both of curing and
Limitation—Iftheaveragetestrunflue-gasCO plusCOisnot drying the masonry materials, and to facilitate a warm start for
greater than 2.0%, the CO analyzer shall have a resolution of a test run. All preconditioning shall be performed in accor-
at least 100 parts per million (0.01%). dance with builder or manufacturer’s instructions. The final
firing prior to initial test will be performed according to the
8.8 Sampling Supplies and Reagents:
builder or manufacturer’s instructions for a normal firing
8.8.1 Calibration Gases—Calibration gases for each flue-
(including shut down procedures) and will take place no later
gas constituent to be measured shall have concentrations in
than one firing interval prior to the test start.
each of the nominal ranges indicated in Table 1. Mixtures or
9.1.1 FireboxResidue—Thefireboxshallbecleanedpriorto
combinations of the calibration gases may be used in place of
the initial test run in a test series.The residue from the pre-test
separate cylinders for each calibration constituent.
firing may be weighed and returned to the firebox prior to the
NOTE 2—All calibration gas mixtures shall be certified by the gas
test firing. (This simulates consumer operation, in which
supplier or laboratory using the methods referenced in USEPATitle40,
residue from one firing would be left in the firebox and
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A: Methods 3 and 10.
available for the next firing).
8.9 Sample Flow Rates and System Response Times—The
9.1.2 Masonry Heaters with Optional Equipment—If the
flue-gassampling(thatis,extraction)rateforgasanalysesshall
test masonry heater includes standard (or offers optional)
be set in accordance with the instrument manufacturer’s
componentsthatmightaffectparticulateemissionperformance
recommended range within 30 min before sampling begins or
(including but not limited to catalytic combustors, water
thesystemresponsetimeismeasured.Thedeterminationofthe
heating coils, heat exchange blowers, air supply options,
response time for the gas sampling system shall be conducted
dampers, different chimney types, and mechanical draft
before initial use and semiannually thereafter or immediately
inducers), separate emissions tests may be required for each of
after a flue gas conditioning system component is changed.
the various positions or conditions that are allowed. In the
8.9.1 Response Time Measurement—The response time for
event that a masonry heater is equipped with user controlled
all flue-gas sampling systems shall be determined by a mea-
adjustable equipment, adjustments shall be made according to
surement of a step change in analyte gas concentration. First,
theinstructionsprovided.Iftheoperationofadjustablefeatures
supply a low-range analyte calibration gas (see Table 1) into
is not specified in a builder or manufacturer’s written instruc-
the probe inlet until the gas analyzer’s response has stabilized.
tion manual, all optional features, including adjustment of
After the gas analyzer’s response has stabilized, switch the
pump or blower speeds, shall be operated at a maximum rate
probe to the high-range calibration gas and immediately start
(most disadvantageous to combustion) throughout the test.
timing the system response time. Response time shall be
9.1.3 Bypass Damper Operation—Auxiliary equipment,
measured starting at the time the low-range analyte calibration
such as bypass dampers may be adjusted only once during the
test period and the adjustment shall be in accordance with the
TABLE 1 Nominal Calibration Gas Concentrations
builder or manufacturer’s written instructions. Record and
(Percent of Span Value)
report all adjustments made to auxiliary masonry heater
Range Oxygen (O ) Carbon Dioxide (CO ) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
2 2
equipment during the test period.
High 80–90 % 80–90 % 80–90 %
9.1.4 Flue-Gas Stratification Check—During the masonry
Mid 45–55 % 45–55 % 45–55 %
heater aging and curing period specified in 9.1, use the gas
Low 20–30 % 20–30 % 20–30 %
analyzer(s) and sampling system specified in 7.8 to determine
E2817 − 11 (2018)
whether flue gases become stratified in the flue/chimney Primary Flue-Gas Sampling Location but shall not interfere in
cross-section at the primary flue-gas sampling and temperature any way with any other sample probe sensors or inlets.
measurement location specified in 9.2.3.
9.2.4 Room Air Velocity Measurement—Measure using the
9.1.4.1 Stratification of Flue-Gas CO and CO anemometer described in 7.5. Once the masonry heater is
Concentrations—The stratification of flue-gas CO and CO installed in the test chamber as in accordance with 9.2 and
concentrations shall be determined by first sampling at the before lighting the first fire in the heater measure the air
flue-gassamplingandtemperaturemeasurementlocationatthe velocities within 0.5 m (19.7 in.) of the masonry heater walls
center of the flue/chimney for at least 30s after gas analyzer and combustion air intake(s). The room air velocity shall be
readings have stabilized, and then sampling within 25mm less than 0.25 m/sec (50 ft/min).
(1in.) of the flue/chimney wall for the same period. This
9.3 Additional Preparations:
procedure is to be repeated on at least two points in the
9.3.1 Masonry Heater Description—Prepare a written de-
horizontal plane of the flue/chimney cross-section. Flue-gas
scription of the masonry heater being tested including any
concentration differences of more than 15% of the highest
catalyst or add-on emissions control devices, or both. The
concentration measured at any of the other three cross-section
masonry heater description shall include photographs showing
sample points shall be considered stratified.
all externally observable features, or drawings, or both, show-
9.1.4.2 Stratification Remedy—The presence of a stratified
ing all internal and external dimensions needed for fabrication
flue-gas flow regime at the Primary Flue-Gas Sampling Loca-
orconstruction,orboth.Thephotographsordrawings,orboth,
tion shall be remedied by changing the location of flue-gas
must be verified and certified as representing the tested
sampling and temperature measurement probes to ones that
masonry heater by the testing laboratory.
equallyandsimultaneouslysampletheflue-gasesandtempera-
9.3.2 Test Facility Ambient Temperature Probe—Locate the
tures in the center of at least four separate and equal areas of
test-facility ambient temperature probe on the horizontal plane
the flue/chimney cross-section.
that includes the primary air intake opening for the masonry
9.2 InstallationoftheMasonryHeaterintotheTestFacility:
heater. Locate the temperature monitor probe at a distance of
9.2.1 Construction—The masonry heater being tested must 1to2m (3to6ft) from the front of the masonry heater and in
be constructed (as for site-built units) or installed (as for
a 90º sector defined by lines drawn at 645º from a perpen-
manufactured units) in accordance with the designer or manu- dicular line to centerline of the masonry heater face.
facturer’s written instructions.
9.3.3 Leak Check—A leak check of all flue-gas sampling
9.2.1.1 Chimney—For test purposes the chimney shall have
systemsshallbeperformedbeforeeachtestrunisstarted.Leak
a total vertical height above the hearth of not less than 4.6 m checks shall be performed as follows.
(15 ft) or more than 5.5 m (18 ft), as in accordance with Test
9.3.3.1 Leak-Check Procedure—Seal the probe inlet for
Method E2515. For masonry heaters specifying higher drafts
each sampling system or train. Use the sample pump controls
than can be attained with this chimney configuration, a draft
to create a vacuum greater than either twice the maximum
maybeinduced,measured30.5cm(12in.)abovethechimney
vacuum encountered during test period sampling, or 125 mm
connection point (cf. EN15250). Unless otherwise stipulated
(5 in.) of mercury, whichever is greater. Record the resulting
in the written installation instructions, the chimney exit to the
sample flow rate indicated by the instrument flow meter when
dilution tunnel hood must be freely communicating with the
therequiredvacuumisachieved,correctedforsystempressure,
masonry heater combustion makeup-air source.
if applicable.
9.3.3.2 Leak Check Acceptance Criteria—Unless the leak-
NOTE 4—The chimney that is used for testing should be documented in
age rate under the required vacuum is less than 2% of the
the test data and test report, including induced draft, if any.
average sample flow rate, test results shall be invalid.
9.2.2 Flue Outlet—Center the flue outlet (chimney) under
9.3.4 Gas Analyzer Calibration—Calibrate the O or CO
2 2
the dilution tunnel hood. Refer to Test Method E2515 for
and CO analyzers, or both, as follows before the first run in a
specific requirements including positioning the flue outlet to
test series.
meet induced draft and smoke capture requirements.
9.3.4.1 Followingthemanufacturer’sinstructions,allowthe
NOTE 5—If the dilution tunnel is used to induce a draft, the require-
analyzer to operate and stabilize prior to calibration.
ments in Test Method E2515, Section 9.2.3, do not need to be met. If the
9.3.4.2 Introduce zero gas to the analyzer at the same flow
dilution tunnel is used to induce a draft in the masonry heater’s
rate that is to be used during testing. Allow the analyzer’s
chimney/flue, document the distance between the top of the chimney and
thetopofthedilutiontunnelhoodandtheflowratethroughthetunnelthe
output to stabilize. Then as necessary, adjust the analyzer’s
induced draft should be set when the unit is cold, prior to any firing.
output so that it reads zero. Note and record the analyzer’s pre
and post adjustment output and all other pertinent information,
9.2.3 Primary Flue-Gas Sampling and Temperature Mea-
for example, potentiometer settings, B.P., temperature, and
surement Location—Flue gas sampling shall occur within the
DAS valve.
chimney attached to the masonry heater 228.5 630.5 cm
(90 612in.) above the top of the surface upon which any 9.3.4.3 Introduce the mid range calibration gas to the
builder or manufacturer supplied components are placed, or analyzer at the same flow rate that is to be used during testing.
30.5cm (12in.) from the lowest point of the chimney in Allow the analyzer’s output to stabilize. Then as necessary
contact with the masonry heater, whichever is least. The adjust the analyzer’s output so that the output matches the
flue-gas temperature probe shall also be positioned within the calibration gas. Note and record the analyzer’s pre and post
E2817 − 11 (2018)
adjustment output and all other pertinent information, for the same flow to be used during testing. Allow the analyzer’s
example, potentiometer settings, B.P., temperature, and DAS output to stabilize. Note and record the analyzer’s output.
Value. Using the least squares calibration curve, calculate the analyz-
9.3.4.4 Then, in turn introduce the high and low range er’sactualoutput.Eachanalyzer’soutputmustbewithin5.0%
calibration gases to the analyzer at the same flow that will be of the expected output. If the output is greater than 5.0%, the
used during testing. Allow the analyzer’s output to stabilize. analyzer must be recalibrated:
Note and record the analyzer’s output and all other pertinent
~ActualResponse 2 0.000!
∆% 5 3100
information. F S D G
SpanValue
9.3.4.5 Calculate and plot a linear least squares calibration
9.5.2.5 Pre-Test Gas Analyzer Span Check—Within2hof
curve for each analyzer.
the start of a test run introduce a mid range calibration (span)
(1)Using the least square calibration curve calculate the
gas to each analyzer at the same flow rate to be used during
actual response for each of the four calibration gases. The
testing. Allow the analyzer’s output to stabilize. Note and
analyzer’s actual response for each calculation gas must be
recordtheanalyzer’soutput.Usingtheleastsquarescalibration
within 62.0% of the calibration gas concentration for the
curve, calculate the analyzer’s actual output. Each analyzer’s
calibration to be valid:
actual output must be within 5.0% of the expected output. If
ActualResponse 2 0.000
~ !
the output is greater than 5.0%, the analyzer must be recali-
Zerogas 5 3 100 ,
F S D
ExpectedResponse
brated:
Calibration ~Span! Gases5
~ActualResponse 2 ExpectedResponse!
ActualResponse 2 ExpectedResponse
~ !
∆% 5 3100
3 100 F S D G
S D G
ExpectedResponse
ExpectedResponse
9.5.3 Test Run Start—When all of the requirements for
9.3.4.6 Once the CO analyzer is properly calibrated, intro-
starting the emissions test are met in accordance with Test
duce a calibration gas containing 10to 12% CO to the CO
Method E2515, simultaneously start the sampling equipment
analyzer at the same flow to be used during testing.Allow the
and ignite the newspaper balls. A propane gas torch has been
CO analyzer’s output to stabilize. The CO analyzer’s output
foundtobeagooddeviceforobtainingrapidandevenignition
shall not be more than 0.20% CO.
of the newspaper. Quickly work your way from one side to the
9.4 Fuel:
other to ensure even ignition. All newspaper must be ignited
9.4.1 Fuel Properties and Firebox Loading—Fuel and fire-
within 30 s from starting the sampling equipment.
box loading method shall conform to either Annex A1,
9.5.4 Data Recording Requirements—Once test sampling
Cordwood Fuel; Annex A2, Cribwood Fueling; or Annex A3,
and temperature measurements have begun at the start of a test
Cribwood Fuel, Top-Down Burn.
in accordance with 9.5.3, all test sampling, parameter
9.5 Operation:
measurement, and data recording requirements shall be con-
9.5.1 Masonry Heater Cooling Period—No fuel shall be
ducted at least every 5 min and continue without interruption
burned in the masonry heater to be tested and no other means
until the test is terminated in accordance with 9.5. Test-time
for heating the masonry heater shall be used within one firing sampling and temperature measurement parameters shall in-
interval of the start of a test run.
clude:
9.5.2 Pre-Test-Firing Procedures: 9.5.4.1 Test facility temperature;
9.5.2.1 Room-Air Velocity—Using an anemometer, measure
9.5.4.2 O or CO +CO concentrations, or both;.
2 2
and record the room-air velocity within 0.5 m (19.7 in.) of the 9.5.4.3 Flue-gas temperature; and
test masonry heater air supply duct intake or fuel loading door,
9.5.4.4 All flue-gas sample-train/sample-system sampling
within 1 h before the start of each test run. Air velocity at the rates and gas conditioning equipment temperatures.
specifiedlocationsshallbelessthan60m/min(200ft/min).No
9.5.4.5 Staticpressureattheprimarysamplingandtempera-
external means shall be used to affect air velocities within 0.5 ture measurement location.
m (2 ft) of the test masonry heater during a test period.
9.5.5 Test Facility Ambient Temperatures—Test facility am-
9.5.2.2 Barometric Pressure—Measure and record the baro- bient temperatures shall be maintained between 13 and 32ºC
metric pressure within 1 h before the start of a test run.
(55 and 90ºF) during all test periods.
9.5.2.3 Flue-Gas Temperature Determination—At least 1 h 9.5.6 Test-Fuel Charge Adjustments—Test-fuelchargesmay
before initiating a test run (that is, ignition of a fire in the
be adjusted (that is, repositioned) once during the burning of
masonry heater), close all air supply controls and the masonry each test-fuel charge after flue gas O recovery = 65%. The
heater fuel loading door(s). After1hof masonry heater
time used to make this adjustment shall not exceed 30 s.
air-supply and open-face-area closure and within 5 min before 9.5.7 Test Completion—A test run is completed and all
opening the door(s) or any other means for closing the open
sampling and test-period temperature measurements are
face area of the masonry heater to initiate test-fire ignition, stopped at the end of the first 5-min interval after which the
measure and record the pre-test flue-gas temperature at the flue-gas oxygen concentration has recovered (that is, in-
flue-gas sampling and temperature measurement location. creased) to 95% of the maximum flue-gas oxygen depression
9.5.2.4 Pre-Test Gas Analyzer Zero Check—Within2hof value which resulted from the combustion of the test-fuel
the start of a test run introduce a zero gas to each analyzer at charge.
E2817 − 11 (2018)
9.5.8 Post-Test Procedures: Round off figures after the final calculation. Other forms of the
9.5.8.1 Room-Air Velocities—Using a low-velocity-range equations may be used as long as they give equivalent results.
anemometer, within 10 min after test completion, measure and
10.3 Nomenclature:
record the room-air velocity within 0.5 m (19.2 in.) of the test
M 5 M 1M (1)
FTAdb FCdb CR
masonry heater.
9.5.8.2 Fuel Weight at Test Completion—Within 5 min after
where:
test completion, as defined in 9.5.7, the remaining coals or
M = weight of fuel crib (cordwood; fuel load), dry
FCdb
unburned fuel or ash residues, or any combination thereof,
basis, kg (lb);
shallbecarefullyremovedfromthefireboxandweighedtothe
M = weightofcharcoalreturnedtofireboxafterpretest
CR
nearest 0.05 kg (0.1 lb). Once weighed, the residue can be
warm up or previous test run, kg (lb); and
placed in the firebox again, and the heater shut down as per
M = total weight of fuel added, dry basis, kg (lb).
FTAdb
builder or manufacturer instructions. This simulates actual
M 5 M 2 M (2)
FTbd FTAdb FRdb
usage, during which residues would be used as fuel in the
following burn cycle. A test-burn shall be invalid if less than where:
90% of the weight of the total test-fuel charge has been
M = total weight of fuel added, dry basis, kg (lb);
FTAdb
burned.
M = weight of fuel remaining in the firebox at end of
FRdb
9.5.8.3 Barometric Pressure at Test Completion—Measure test, dry basis, kg (lb); and
and record the barometric pressure within 10 min after test M = total weight of fuel burned, dry basis, kg (lb).
FTbd
period completion.
EF 5 E /M (3)
T FTbd
9.5.8.4 Post Test Gas Analyzer Zero Check—Within1hof
where:
the end of the test as defined in 9.5.7 introduce a zero gas to
E = total particulate emissions, g (as measured by Test
each analyzer at the same flow used during the test.Allow the
T
analyzer’s output to stabilize. Not and record the analyzer’s Method E2515); and
EF = emission factor, grams of particulate/dry kg fuel
output. Using the least squares calibration curve, calculate the
burned.
analyzer’sactualoutput.Eachanalyzer’sactualoutputmustbe
within 65.0% of the expected output. If the output is greater
BR 5 60 M /Θ (4)
~ !
FTbd
than 65.0%, the test run is invalid and the analyzer must be
where:
recalibrated:
Θ = total sampling time, min; and
~ActualResponse 2 0.000!
BR = burn rate, dry kg/h.
∆% 5 3100
H F G J
SpanValue
ER 5 E /Θ (5)
HC T FI
9.5.8.5 Post Test Gas Analyzer Span Check—Within1hof
where:
the end of the test as defined in 9.5.7 introduce a mid range
Θ = firing interval time period specified in the builder or
calibrationgastoeachanalyzeratthesameflowratetobeused
FI
manufacturer’s written operating instructions and
during testing. Allow the analyzer’s output to stabilize. Note
usedduringtestingtooperatethemasonryheater,h;
and record the analyzer’s output. Using the least squares
and
calibration curve, calculate the analyzer’s actual output. Each
ER = the heating cycle emissions rate, g/h.
analyzer’s actual output must be within 65.0% of the ex-
HC
pected output. If the output is great than 5.0%, the test run is
ER 5 60 E /Θ (6)
~ !
CP T
invalid and the analyzer must be recalibrated:
where:
ActualResponse 2 ExpectedResponse
~ !
ER = combustion period emissions rate, g/h.
∆% 5 3100
H F G J
CP
ExpectedResponse
9.5.8.6 Other Quality Assurance Checks: 11. Report
(1) Thermocouple Readouts—Using a thermocouple simu-
11.1 The report shall include the following:
lator generate a zero and span signa
...