ASTM C936/C936M-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
Standard Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
ABSTRACT
This specification is intended for interlocking concrete pavers used in the construction of paved surfaces and manufactured from cementitious materials, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and other constituents such as integral water repellents. The specification also offers guidelines for physical requirements, sampling and testing, visual inspection, and rejection of specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlocking concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved surfaces.
1.2 Concrete units covered by this specification shall be made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.
Note 1: If particular features are desired, such as weight classification, higher compressive strength, surface textures, finish, color, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should be consulted as to availability of units having the desired features.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C936/C936M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C936/C936M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Concrete Masonry Units
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlock-
Sandblasting
ing concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
surfaces.
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
1.2 Concrete units covered by this specification shall be
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-
ored Concrete
NOTE 1—If particular features are desired, such as weight classification,
higher compressive strength, surface textures, finish, color, or other
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser.
Concrete and Mortars
Local sellers, however, should be consulted as to availability of units
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic
having the desired features.
Cement
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Mixtures
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 architectural finishes, n—surface modified by me-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
chanical means such as blasting, hammering, polishing,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tumbling, washing, or other methods.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Materials
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the
2. Referenced Documents
following applicable specifications:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Portland Cements—Specification C150/C150M.
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement con-
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-
forming to Specification C150/C150M, modified as follows:
crete Masonry Units and Related Units
(1) Limestone—If calcium carbonate is added to the
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
cement, the CaCO content shall not be less than 85 %.
3
C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
poses
(3) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent,
C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
22 % max.
(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic Cements—Specification C595/
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
C595M.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
4.1.4 Hydraulic Cement—Specification C1157/C1157M.
Current edition approved June 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
4.1.5 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C936/C936M – 21b.
4.1.6 Slag Cement—Specification C989/C989M.
DOI: 10.1520/C0936_C0936M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4.1.7 Silica Fume—Specification C1240.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specifications, except for the grading requirements:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C936/C936M − 23
2
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33/ tested shall not be greater than: (a) 225 g/m when subject to
2
C33M. 28 freeze-t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C936/C936M − 21b C936/C936M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C936/C936M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlocking concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved
surfaces.
1.2 Concrete units covered by this specification shall be made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.
NOTE 1—If particular features are desired, such as weight classification, higher compressive strength, surface textures, finish, color, or other special
features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should be consulted as to availability of units having the desired
features.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes
C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on
Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2021June 15, 2023. Published January 2022June 2023. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
C936/C936M – 21a.C936/C936M – 21b. DOI: 10.1520/C0936_C0936M-21B.10.1520/C0936_C0936M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C936/C936M − 23
C1645/C1645MC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 architectural finishes—finishes, n—surface modified by mechanical means such as blasting, hammering, polishing, tumbling,
washing, or other methods.
4. Materials
4.1 Cementitious Materials Materials—Materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications:
4.1.1 Portland Cements—Specification C150/C150M.
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement conforming to Specification C150/C150M, modified as follows:
(1) Limestone—If calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO content shall not be less than 85 %.
3
(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
(3) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent, 22 % max.
(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic Cements—Specification C595/C595M.
4.1.4 Hydraulic Cement—Specification C1157/C1157M.
4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type S—Specification C207.
4.1.5 Fly Ash—Pozzolans—Specification C618.
4.1.6 Ground Slag—Slag Cement—Specification C9
...
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