ASTM D4735-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on benzene and for use as an internal quality control tool where benzene is either produced or used in a manufacturing process.
4.2 This test method was found applicable for determining thiophene in refined benzene conforming to the specifications described in Specification D2359 and may be applicable toward other grades of benzene if the user has taken the necessary precautions as described in the text.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene in refined benzene in the range from 0.80 to 1.80 mg/kg for the Flame Photometric Detector (FPD), and from 0.14 to 2.61 mg/kg for the Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). For the PFPD, the minimum level of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.14 mg/kg and the minimum level of detection (LOD) is 0.04 mg/kg, as described in ASTM Research Report RR:D16-1038.2 The range of the test method may be extended by modifying the sample injection volume, split ratios, calibration range, or sample dilution with thiophene-free solvent.
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene characteristic of the type described in Specifications D2359 and D4734 and may be applicable to other types or grades of benzene only after the user has demonstrated that the procedure can completely resolve thiophene from the other organic contaminants contained in the sample.
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance to applicable specification using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4735 −19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in refined benzene in the range from 0.80 to 1.80 mg/kg for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Flame Photometric Detector (FPD), and from 0.14 to 2.61
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mg/kg for the Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). For
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the PFPD, the minimum level of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.14
mg/kg and the minimum level of detection (LOD) is 0.04
2
2. Referenced Documents
mg/kg,asdescribedinASTMResearchReportRR:D16-1038.
The range of the test method may be extended by modifying 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the sample injection volume, split ratios, calibration range, or
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sample dilution with thiophene-free solvent.
D2359 Specification for Refined Benzene-535
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
characteristic of the type described in Specifications D2359
Products
and D4734 and may be applicable to other types or grades of
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
benzeneonlyaftertheuserhasdemonstratedthattheprocedure
Petroleum Products
can completely resolve thiophene from the other organic
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
contaminants contained in the sample.
Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test
Analytical Standards
method: for purposes of determining conformance to appli-
D4734 Specification for Refined Benzene-545
cable specification using this test method, an observed value or
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification
limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice terials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
E29.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
standard.
ASTM Test Methods
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ships
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
E840 PracticeforUsingFlamePhotometricDetectorsinGas
Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4735 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/
3
D4735-19. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D16-1038.ContactASTMCustomer Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Service at service@astm.org. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4735−19
TABLE 1 Thio
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4735 − 15 D4735 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thiophene in refined benzene in the range from 0.80 to 1.80 mg/kg for the
Flame Photometric Detector (FPD), and from 0.14 to 2.61 mg/kg for the Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). For the
PFPD, the minimum level of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.14 mg/kg and the minimum level of detection (LOD) is 0.04 mg/kg, as
2
described in ASTM Research Report RR:D16-1038. The range of the test method may be extended by modifying the sample
injection volume, split ratios, calibration range, or sample dilution with thiophene-free solvent.
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene characteristic of the type described in Specifications D2359 and
D4734 and may be applicable to other types or grades of benzene only after the user has demonstrated that the procedure can
completely resolve thiophene from the other organic contaminants contained in the sample.
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance to applicable
specification using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last
right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2359 Specification for Refined Benzene-535
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4734 Specification for Refined Benzene-545
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015June 1, 2019. Published July 2015July 2019. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
D4735 – 09 (2014).D4735 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4735-15.10.1520/D4735-19.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D16-1038. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4735 − 19
TABLE 1 Thiophene in Ben
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