ASTM D4456-99(2005)

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion Exchange Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The particle size distribution of powdered ion exchange resins and, more importantly, the derived parameters of mean particle size and percent above and below specified size limits are useful for determining batch to batch variations and, in some cases, can be related to certain aspects of product performance.
Although automatic multichannel particle size analyzers, of the type described in Section 9, yield information on the entire distribution of sizes present in a given sample, it has been found that, for this application, the numerical value of three derived parameters may adequately describe the particle size characteristics of the samples: the mean particle diameter (in micrometres), the percent of the sample that falls below some size limit, and the percent of the sample that falls above some size limit.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The following test methods are included:SectionsTest Method A—Particle Size Distribution 5 to 15Test Method B—Solids Content16 to 23
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2005
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4456-99 - Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion Exchange Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D4456-99(2009)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion Exchange Resins
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4266-17 - Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4456–99(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion
Exchange Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Certain
termsthatrelatespecificallytothesetestmethodsaredescribed
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
as follows:
physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange
3.2.1 powdered ion exchange resin—an ion exchange resin
resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The
that has undergone post-manufacturing size reduction to less
following test methods are included:
than 30 µm.
Sections
3.2.2 resin floc—that voluminous aggregate formed when
Test Method A—Particle Size Distribution 5 to 15
Test Method B—Solids Content 16 to 23
powdered anion exchange resin and powdered cation exchange
resin are slurried together in an aqueous suspension.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Purity of Reagents
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
4.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
2. Referenced Documents Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the determination.
D 2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange
4.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Materials
to water shall be understood to mean Type III reagent water,
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Specification D 1193.
Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
F 322 Method for Determining Quality of Calibration Par-
TEST METHOD A—PARTICLE SIZE
ticles for Automatic Particle Counters
DISTRIBUTION
F 651 Method for Particle Single-Point Calibration by the
Median Method
5. Scope
F 658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle
5.1 This test method covers the instrumental determination
Counter Using an Optical system Based on Light Extinc-
of the particle-size distribution of powdered ion exchange
tion
resins.
3. Terminology
6. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
6.1 A sample of powdered ion exchange resin is dispersed
tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
uniformly in a suitable aqueous liquid. The resulting suspen-
sionispassedthroughaninstrumentformeasuringparticlesize
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
distribution by weight, number, or volume. Determinations are
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and
Ion Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4456 – 99.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Withdrawn. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4456–99 (2005)
made of mean particle size, percent below a specified smaller 10. Material
size limit, and percent above a specified larger size limit.
10.1 Nonionic Wetting Agent, to assist in the dispersion of
6.2 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative
the particles in the liquid. The volume to be added will be
data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice
small, but its cleanliness should be such that the total count in
D 2777 are not provided. See Section 15 for details.
thesuspendingliquid(withwettingagent)doesnotexceed1 %
of the total count during analysis of the resin sample.
7. Significance and Use
7.1 The particle size distribution of powdered ion exchange
11. Calibration and Standardization
resins and, more importantly, the derived parameters of mean
11.1 Calibrate the instrument over the size range to be
particle size and percent above and below specified size limits
measured following either the manufacturer’s instructions or
are useful for determining batch to batch variations and, in
Method F 651, Practice F 658, or Method F 322.
some cases, can be related to certain aspects of product
performance.
12. Procedure
7.2 Although automatic multichannel particle size analyz-
ers, of the type described in Section 9, yield information on the
12.1 Into a clean sample container, add measured quantities
entire distribution of sizes present in a given sample, it has
of clean liquid, clean wetting agent, and a sample of powdered
been found that, for this application, the numerical value of
ion exchange resin. The size of the sample container and the
three derived parameters may adequately describe the particle
quantitiesofeachmaterialtobeaddedwillbedeterminedfrom
size characteristics of the samples: the mean particle diameter
the operating instructions for the instrument being used for the
(in micrometres), the percent of the sample that falls below
size range to be measured.
some size limit, and the percent of the sample that falls above
12.2 Agitate the resulting suspension to break up aglomer-
some size limit.
ates and create a uniform dispersion of particles using the
equipment specified in the operating instructions for the
8. Interferences
instrument.
8.1 Instruments requiring the use of an aqueous electrolyte
12.3 If necessary, dilute this suspension to provide a con-
for sample suspension, such as described in 9.1.2, may give
centration of particles not exceeding the maximum specified
results different than those instruments not requiring an elec-
for proper instrument performance.
trolyte.
12.4 If the sample is diluted, the diluted sample must be
agitated in accordance with the instrument operating instruc-
9. Apparatus
tions to create a uniform dispersion of particles.
9.1 Instruments for Measuring Particle Size Distribution,
12.5 Pass the sample through the instrument for analysis.
from 2 to 300 µm in size, although it may not
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