ASTM D4325-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically Insulating Rubber Tapes
Standard Test Methods for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically Insulating Rubber Tapes
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the methods and procedures for testing electrically insulating and semi-nonmetallic conducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, and sheath repair of electrical wire and cable.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections: SectionReferenced Documents2Conditioning5-6Dielectric Strength33-40Dimensions11-16Dissipation Factor22-26Elongation17-21Heat Exposure46-49Fusion7-10Ozone Resistance41-45Permittivity22-26Sample Requirements4Tensile Strength17-21Volume Resistivity27-34Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance50-54
1.3 The SI values are the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.
Note 1 - There is no IEC equivalent to these methods.
1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made on tapes from which the removable separator has been removed.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see 43.1.
1.6 This is a fire-test response standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4325 – 97
Standard Test Methods for
Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically Insulating
Rubber Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
lating Materials
1.1 These test methods cover the methods and procedures
D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
for testing electrically insulating and semi-nonmetallic con-
Insulating Materials
ducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, and
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
sheath repair of electrical wire and cable.
lation
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
Section
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
Referenced Documents 2
Conditioning 5-6
D 470 Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jackets
Dielectric Strength 35-40
for Wire and Cable
Dimensions 11-15
D 750 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration in Carbon-Arc
Dissipation Factor 22-26
Elongation 17-21
Weathering Apparatus
Heat Exposure 45-47
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Fusion 7-10
D 4388 Specification for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and
Ozone Resistance 41-44
Permittivity 22-26
Electrically Insulating Rubber Tapes
Sample Requirements 4
D 4496 Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Tensile Strength 17-21
Volume Resistivity 27-34 Moderately Conductive Materials
Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance 48-51
E 591 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relating
to Occupational Exposure to Ozone
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units, except for° C, are
the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for
3. Terminology
information purposes only.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made on
3.1.1 fusion, n—that property of rubber tape which causes
tapes from which the removable separator has been removed.
adjacent layers of tape to become bonded (amalgamated) or
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adhered together when the tape is stretched and wound upon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
itself in layers.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
SAMPLING
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precaution statements see 43.1.
4. Sample and Specimen Requirements
4.1 Unless otherwise required by the detailed product speci-
2. Referenced Documents
fications, take the rubber tapes at random from each shipment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as follows:
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Number of Rolls Number of Sample
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
in Shipment Rolls
at Commercial Power Frequencies
50 to 200 2
D 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and
201 to 500 3
501 to 1000 4
1001 to 5000 5
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published December 1997. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
published as D 4325 – 97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4325
4.2 For shipments in excess of 5000 rolls, take one addi- 11 in. (280 mm) in length from the sample roll selected and
tional roll for each additional 1000 rolls or fraction thereof. conditioned in accordance with Sections 4-6. Prepare and wind
4.3 A shipment consists of material shipped or intended for specimens in a manner that prevents oils or other contaminants
shipment to a customer and covered by one bill of lading. from getting on the bonding surface of the tape.
4.4 Test each sample roll in conformance to all requirements 9.2 Mount the rod horizontally in the winding fixture.
of the specification. 9.3 Attach the strip of tape near one end of the rod by
4.5 All test methods in this standard are intended to produce winding the strip upon itself using 1 in. (25 mm) of the tape.
a single value for a single roll. Any reference to averaging of Place the 30-in. (762-mm) rule next to the 10-in. (254-mm)
measurements refers to test averaging on a single roll and not tape strip. Stretch the tape strip to the desired length specified
to the average of all sample rolls. in the product specification.
4.6 Remove and discard at least 24 in. (610 mm) of the outer 9.4 Move the tape to the proper angle and rotate the rod so
layer of each roll before taking test specimens. that the tape is wrapped on the rod with a one-half lap for a
4.7 Remove the test specimen from the roll at a slow, length of 7.0 in. (178 mm).
uniform rate without jerking. 9.5 Change the angle of the tape and repeat the procedure in
9.4 winding back toward the start of the first wrap so that the
CONDITIONING
second one-half overlap wrap is wound over the first wrap to
provide a four layer build-up of tape.
5. Significance and Use
9.6 After the final wrap, maintain constant pressure on the
5.1 The physical and electrical properties, including break
tape strip and score the tape with a new razor blade at the top
strength, elongation, dielectric strength, dissipation factor,
of the rod, parallel to the rod. Break the tape on the score line,
permittivity, fusion, etc., will vary with temperature and
removing the tab. Remove the test specimen from the fixture
moisture content. Control the temperature and moisture content
and roll the specimen so formed between the palm of the
of the sample for these test methods to yield consistent and
hands. This completes the preparation of the test specimen.
reproducible results.
9.7 Insert the wrapped specimen in the holes in the base of
the board and allow them to condition at 23.0 6 2°C (73.4 6
6. Procedure
3.6°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for 24 h. At the end of
6.1 For referee purposes, subject the rolls to standard
this period, if there is any flagging (end-lifting) of the tape,
atmospheric conditions of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6
measure the length of the flag to the nearest ⁄64 in. (0.4 mm),
2 % relative humidity for a minimum period of 16 h before
taking care not to cause additional unwrapping in the measur-
specimens are removed for test.
ing operation Record the maximum, minimum and average
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, condition all test specimens
length of the flag.
for a period of 1 h and conduct the tests in a standard laboratory
atmosphere at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 2 % relative 10. Report
humidity.
10.1 Report the following information:
10.1.1 Identification of the tape tested, and
FUSION
10.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirements outlined
7. Significance and Use in the product specification (see Specification D 4388).
7.1 Fusion is responsible for holding the tape in place to
DIMENSIONS—LENGTH, WIDTH, AND
form a permanent compressive force about a conductor or
THICKNESS
insulator in actual application.
11. Significance and Use
8. Apparatus
11.1 Measurements of length, width, and thickness are
8.1 Winding Fixture—The winding fixture is designed to
necessary to ensure a customer is receiving the correct quantity
hold a metal rod at each end and is fitted with a crank or other
of tape. The thickness measurement is of particular value in
device to rotate the rod so that the specimen may be wound
controlling uniformity and providing design criteria, as well as
thereon. Attach the fixture to a rigid support with the rod held
being used in the measurement of physical and electrical
in a horizontal position.
properties.
8.2 Rods—Any suitable metal of 0.125-in. (3-mm) diameter
12. Apparatus
and a minimum of 9.0 in. (229 mm) in length.
12.1 Steel Rule, capable of measuring to the nearest ⁄64 in.
8.3 Rule, graduated in inches, 30-in. (762-mm) minimum
(0.4 mm).
length.
12.2 Thickness Gage—A dead weight dial micrometer as
8.4 Rule, graduated in ⁄64 in. (0.4 mm).
prescribed in Method C of Test Methods D 374, with the
8.5 Razor Blades.
following modifications:
8.6 Board, with 0.125-in. (3-mm) diameter holes spaced
12.2.1 A micrometer with graduations to 0.001 in. (0.01
about 2 in. (50 mm) apart on its surface to provide a base for
mm).
supporting the rods in a horizontal position.
12.2.2 A micrometer with a presser foot 0.25 6 0.01 in.
9. Procedure
(6.35 6 0.25 mm) in diameter exerting a total force of 10.06
9.1 Prepare three specimens by cutting three strips of tape 0.1 oz (2.50 6 0.03 N) force.
D 4325
12.2.3 Calibrate the gage for the actual load exerted by the tape. Record the appropriate thickness.
presser foot. 19.1.3 Where jaw breaks occur, discard the results and
retest.
13. Test Specimen
20. Report
13.1 Select and condition the tape and specimen in accor-
20.1 Report the following information:
dance with Sections 4-6.
20.1.1 Average breaking strength expressed in psi (MPa),
14. Procedure
and
14.1 Length Determination—Unwind the tape and separator
20.1.2 Average percent elongation.
from the roll, place it on a hard smooth surface, and measure
21. Precision and Bias
the length to the nearest ⁄64 in. (0.4 mm).
21.1 See precision and bias statements of Test Methods
14.2 Thickness—Place the insulation surface against the
D 412 for general discussion of precision and bias of this test.
anvil of the gage with the separator side up holding the sample
The precision and bias of testing these rubber tapes has not
in a manner such that it is smooth, yet not under tension. Lower
been determined.
the presser foot onto the tape in accordance with Test Methods
D 374, allowing it to rest upon the tape for 2 s, and observe the
DISSIPATION FACTOR AND PERMITTIVITY
reading on the dial. Take five measurements uniformly distrib-
uted over the length of the tape specimen. Report the average
22. Significance and Use
thickness to the nearest 0.0002 in. (0.005 mm).
22.1 The dissipation factor and permittivity of an electri-
14.3 Width—Place the test specimen, after conditioning, on
cally insulating rubber tape are properties of the material which
a hard smooth surface. Measure the width perpendicular to the
are important when it is used as high-voltage insulation.
edge with the steel scale to the nearest ⁄64 in. (0.40 mm).
22.2 Measurements of dissipation factor and permittivity
are nondestructive tests that are helpful in determining the
15. Report
product uniformity, moisture absorption, and changes in com-
15.1 Report the thickness, length, and width measured in
position.
accordance with the procedures outlined above.
23. Conditioning
16. Precision and Bias
23.1 Unless otherwise specified, use the following condi-
16.1 The precision of these test methods has not been
tions in preparing specimens and conducting measurements:
determined. No statement can be made about the bias of these
23.1.1 As received—Condition a set of specimens at 23 6
test methods since standard materials are not available.
2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for1hat50 6 5 % relative humidity prior
to testing at temperatures of 236 2°C.
TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION
23.1.2 Elevated temperature—Condition a set of specimens
17. Significance and Use
at some specified temperature (for example, 90 6 2°C [194 6
3.6°F]) for 1 h prior to testing at temperature specified (for
17.1 The tensile strength of the tape is an important measure
example, 90 6 2°C).
of uniformity, quality, and ability to withstand stress in service.
17.2 The elongation of a tape is important as a measure of 23.1.3 After water immersion—Condition a set of speci-
mens in distilled water at a temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
uniformity and quality and provides a rough indication of how
much a workman may stretch the tape in use for splicing, 3.6°F) for a period of 24 h. Remove from water, pat dry, and
test immediately at 23 6 2°C.
terminating, and repairing of wires and cables.
23.1.4 After hot water immersion—Condition a set of speci-
18. Test Specimen
mens in distilled water at a temperature of 70 6 2°C (158 6
18.1 The test sample consists of a single layer of tape that is 3.6°F) for a period of 24 h. Allow the immersed specimens to
approximately 24 in. (610 mm) long, with the removable come to room temperature by conditioning in distilled water at
separator removed. Select and condition in accordance with 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for 4 h. Remove from water, pat dry,
Sections 4-6.
and test immediately at 23 6 2°C.
19. Procedure 24. Procedure
19.1 Perform the tests for tensile strength and elongation in 24.1 Prepare three specimens that are free from defects from
accordance with Test Methods D 412, with the following each roll that has been selected and conditioned in accordance
exceptions: with Sections 4-6. It is desirable to test tapes that are 1.5 in. (38
19.1.1 Cut five test specimens from a single ply of tape mm) or wider. In place of testing narrower widths, the
(rubber and separator) that is free from visible defects using the manufacturer may provide certified test results performed on
ASTM standard die, as shown in Fig. 1 (Die A) of Test samples taken from the master roll from which the rolls were
Methods D 412, except that the ends of the specimen cut from prepared.
a 0.75-in. (19-mm) tape need not be full width. Place bench 24.2 Determine the thickness of the specimen in accordance
marks on the specimens as directed in Test Methods D 412. with 14.2.
19.1.2 Measure the thickness in accordance with 14.2, 24.3 Perform the measurements at 40 V/mil (1.6 kV/mm) 60
removing the separator where it is not an integral part of the Hz in accordance with Test Methods D 150 using a guarded
D 4325
electrode. Average the test results. 32.1.1 Remove the specimens from the chamber, assemble
in electrodes, and test within 2 min.
25. Report
32.2 Test tapes that are 1.5 in. (38 mm) wide or wider. In
25.1 Report the following information: place of testing narrower width tapes, the manufacturer may
25.1.1 Average tape thickness, provide or furnish certified test results performe
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