ASTM E1479-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Describing and Specifying Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometers
Standard Practice for Describing and Specifying Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice describes the essential components of an ICP-AES. The components include excitation/radio-frequency generators, sample introduction systems, spectrometers, detectors, and signal processing and displays. This description allows the user or potential user to gain a cursory understanding of an ICP-AES system. This practice also provides a means for comparing and evaluating various systems, as well as understanding the capabilities and limitations of each instrument.
5.2 Training—The manufacturer should provide training in safety, basic theory of ICP-AES analysis, operations of hardware and software, and routine maintenance for at least one operator. Training ideally should consist of the basic operation of the instrument at the time of installation, followed by an in-depth course one or two months later. Advanced courses are also offered at several of the important spectroscopy meetings that occur throughout the year as well as by independent training institutes. Several independent consultants are available who can provide training, sometimes at the user's site.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the components of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) that are basic to its operation and to the quality of its performance. This practice identifies critical factors affecting accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. It is not the intent of this practice to specify component tolerances or performance criteria, since these are unique for each instrument. A prospective user should consult with the manufacturer before placing an order, to design a testing protocol that demonstrates the instrument meets all anticipated needs.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 13.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1479 − 16
Standard Practice for
Describing and Specifying Inductively Coupled Plasma
1
Atomic Emission Spectrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1479; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E416Practice for Planning and Safe Operation of a Spec-
3
trochemical Laboratory (Withdrawn 2005)
1.1 This practice describes the components of an induc-
E520Practice for Describing Photomultiplier Detectors in
tively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-
Emission and Absorption Spectrometry
AES) that are basic to its operation and to the quality of its
performance. This practice identifies critical factors affecting
3. Terminology
accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. It is not the intent of this
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to emission
practice to specify component tolerances or performance
spectrometry, refer to Terminology E135.
criteria, since these are unique for each instrument.Aprospec-
tive user should consult with the manufacturer before placing
4. Summary of Practice
an order, to design a testing protocol that demonstrates the
4.1 AnICP-AESisaninstrumentusedtodetermineelemen-
instrument meets all anticipated needs.
talcomposition.Ittypicallyiscomprisedofseveralassemblies
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
including a radio-frequency (RF) generator, an impedance
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
matchingnetwork(whererequired),aninductioncoil,aplasma
only.
torch,aplasmaignitorsystem,asampleintroductionsystem,a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
radiant energy gathering optic, an entrance slit and dispersing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
element to sample and isolate wavelengths of light emitted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from the plasma, one or more devices for converting the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
emitted light into an electrical current or voltage, one or more
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
analog preamplifiers, one or more analog-to-digital
hazard statements are given in Section 13.
converter(s), and a dedicated computer with printer (see Fig.
4
1 ).
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1 The sample is introduced into a high-temperature
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
(>6000 K) plasma that is formed from the inductive energy
E135Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
transfer to and subsequent ionization of the gas stream con-
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
tained in the torch. The torch is mounted centrally in a metal
E158Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert
structure,whichiscalledtheloadcoil.Energyisappliedtothe
Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-
load coil by means of an RF generator.
3
trochemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
4.1.2 Theterminductivelycoupledreferstothefactthatthe
E172Practice for Describing and Specifying the Excitation
physical phenomenon of induction creates a plasma by trans-
SourceinEmissionSpectrochemicalAnalysis(Withdrawn
ferringenergyfromtheloadcoiltothegasstreamthathasbeen
3
2001)
momentarily preionized by a high voltage ignitor spark that
functions only during plasma ignition.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
4.2 When material passes through the plasma, it is
ChemistryforMetals,Ores,andRelatedMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityof
vaporized, atomized, and partly ionized. The produced atoms
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
and ions are excited into an energetically higher state. Free
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1479–99 (2011).
atoms and ions are excited from their ground states mainly by
DOI: 10.1520/E1479-16.
collision with the major plasma constituents. The excited
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
atoms or ions subsequently decay to a lower energy state and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
emit photons, some of which pass through the entrance slit of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
4
www.astm.org. Courtesy of PerkinElmer, Inc., 761 M
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1479 − 99 (Reapproved 2011) E1479 − 16
Standard Practice for
Describing and Specifying Inductively-Coupled Inductively
1
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1479; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the components of an inductively-coupled inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer
(ICP-AES) that are basic to its operation and to the quality of its performance. This practice identifies critical factors affecting
accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. It is not the intent of this practice to specify component tolerances or performance criteria,
since these are unique for each instrument. A prospective user should consult with the vendormanufacturer before placing an order,
to design a testing protocol to demonstrate that demonstrates the instrument meets all anticipated needs.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 13.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E158 Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spectrochemical
3
Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
3
E172 Practice for Describing and Specifying the Excitation Source in Emission Spectrochemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2001)
3
E416 Practice for Planning and Safe Operation of a Spectrochemical Laboratory (Withdrawn 2005)
E520 Practice for Describing Photomultiplier Detectors in Emission and Absorption Spectrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to emission spectrometry, refer to Terminology E135.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 An ICP-AES is an instrument used to determine elemental composition. It typically is comprised of several assemblies
including a radio-frequency (RF) generator, an impedance matching network (where required), an induction coil, a plasma torch,
a plasma ignitor system, a sample introduction system, a light radiant energy gathering optic, an entrance slit and dispersing
element to sample and isolate wavelengths of light emitted from the plasma, one or more devices for converting the emitted light
into an electrical current or voltage, one or more analog preamplifiers, one or more analog-to-digital converter(s), and a dedicated
4
computer with printer (see Fig. 1 ).
4.1.1 The sample is introduced into a high-temperature (>6000 K) plasma that is formed from the inductive energy transfer to
and subsequent ionization of the gas stream contained in the torch. The torch is inserted through metal tubing formed into a helix,
mounted centrally in a metal structure, which is called the load coil. Energy is applied to the load coil by means of an RF generator.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published June 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
E1479 – 99 (2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/E1479-99R11.10.1520/E1479-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Courtesy of PerkinElmer, Inc., 761 Main Ave., Norwalk, CT 06859.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1479 − 16
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FIG. 1 Components of Inductively Coupled PlasmaICP-AES
4.1.2 The term inductively-coup
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