ASTM D56-02

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with a viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F), or below 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F), and a flash point below 93°C (200°F).
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 40°C (104°F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 25°C (77°F); a flash point of 93°C (200°F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test Method D 93 can be used.
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D 1310 and D 3143.
Note 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F) or 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or less at 25°C (77°F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test method.
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 Related Standards are Test Methods D 93, D 1310, D 3828, D 3278, and D 3941.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 8.2 and 8.3 and refer to Material Safety Data Sheets.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D56-01 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D56-02a - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D115-17 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Varnishes Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6038-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7215-22 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5958-99(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3734-05(2018) - Standard Specification for High-Flash Aromatic Naphthas
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3197-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Examination of Fire Debris
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 56 – 02
Standard Test Method for
12
Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 56; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
To ensure an acceptable precision, this dynamic flash point test method employs a prescribed rate
of temperature rise for the material under test. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability, Test Method D 3941, which utilizes a slower heating rate, was
developed. Test Method D 3941 provides conditions closer to equilibrium where the vapor above the
liquid and the liquid are at about the same temperature. If a specification requires Test Method D 56,
do not change to D 3941 or other test method without permission from the specifier.
under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these
1. Scope *
departments for liquids using this test method.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe
point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids
2
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
with a viscosity below 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F), or
2
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
below 9.5 mm /s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F), and a flash point below
cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
93°C (200°F).
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the
2
conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as
following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at
2
elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of
40°C (104°F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at 25°C
the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard
(77°F); a flash point of 93°C (200°F) or higher; a tendency to
of a particular end use.
form a surface film under test conditions; or containing
1.3 Related Standards are Test Methods D 93, D 1310,
suspended solids, Test Method D 93 can be used.
D 3828, D 3278, and D 3941.
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D 1310
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and D 3143.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3
NOTE 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable as determined by this test
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
40°C (104°F) or 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or less at 25°C (77°F), or do not contain
suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements see 8.2 and 8.3 and refer to Material Safety Data
Sheets.
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2. Referenced Documents
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
published as D 56–18T. Last previous edition D 56–01.
4
Closed Cup Tester
2
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Points of
Method 1101 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b, and Method 4291 of
5
Federal Test Method Standard No. 141A. Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
3
For information on United States Department of Transportation regulations, see
D 3143 Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback Asphalt
Codes of United States Regulation 49 CFR Chapter 1 and for information on United
States Department of Labor regulations, see Code of United States Regulation 29
CFR Chapter XVII. Each of these items are revised annually and may be procured
4
from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
5
DC 20402. Annual Book of ASTM Standards
...