Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.2  (6.4 cm2).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C648-04 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 648–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1 1
thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a breaking
1. Scope
1 1
strength higher than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
ing strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile,
5. Significance and Use
2
quarry tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing
2
(6.4 cm ).
whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from
may be approximate.
the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 1
6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1
(139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three ⁄4-in. (6.4-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
mm) diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes are
arrangedinanequilateraltrianglehaving3-in.(76.2-mm)sides
2. Referenced Documents
and whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel block so
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
thatitscentercoincideswiththatofthesteelblockandoneside
Products
of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block.Three
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
3 3
⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long, one end
3 1
threaded for a distance of ⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in. thread as
3. Terminology
the tapped holes, and the other end ground flat, fit into the three
3.1 Definitions:
3
holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three ⁄8-in. diameter
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1,
3
steel rods, but ⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) long only, are threaded on one
refer to Terminology C 242.
3
end for a distance of ⁄8-in., are ground flat on the other end and
1 1
fitthreeother ⁄4-in.tappedholes.Thethree ⁄4-in.holes,tapped
4. Summary of Test Method
3
for a distance of ⁄8 in. to receive this second set of steel rods
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the
are located at the apexes of an equilateral triangle having
ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles
1
1 ⁄2-in. (38.1-mm) long sides and whose circumscribed circle
2 2
having an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) (or less),
has a radius of 0.866 in. (22.0 mm). This second equilateral
arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a
triangle is located within the first one in such a manner that its
definite rate to the center of the tile, which coincides with the
circumscribed circle is identical with the inscribed circle of the
center of the triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
first triangle, and its sides are parallel to those of the larger
1
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the
triangle. The ball bearing support consists of three ⁄8-in.
value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6
(3.2-mm) ball bearings arranged in an equilateral triangle, with
by 6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties and
sides of 14 mm concentric and parallel with the other triangles.
The bearings are embedded in the block to the extent of half
1
1
their volume.The steel block has four more ⁄4-in. tapped holes
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee to receive socket head cap screws for holding four registry
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. 1
stops. One of these holes is located in the center of one side, ⁄4
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
in. in from the edge. Another of these is located in the center
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 648 – 98.
1
2
of an adjacent side ⁄4 in. from the edge. The other two are
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
contact ASTM Customer Se
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