ASTM E132-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Poisson's Ratio at Room Temperature
Standard Test Method for Poisson's Ratio at Room Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When uniaxial force is applied to a solid, it deforms in the direction of the applied force, but also expands or contracts laterally depending on whether the force is tensile or compressive. If the solid is homogeneous and isotropic, and the material remains elastic under the action of the applied force, the lateral strain bears a constant relationship to the axial strain. This constant, called Poisson’ratio, is an intrinsic material property just like Young’modulus and Shear modulus.
Poisson’ratio is used for design of structures where all dimensional changes resulting from application of force need to be taken into account, and in the application of the generalized theory of elasticity to structural analysis.
In this test method, the value of Poisson’ratio is obtained from strains resulting from uniaxial stress only.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of Poisson's ratio from tension tests of structural materials at room temperature. This test method is limited to specimens of rectangular section and to materials in which and stresses at which creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E132–04
Standard Test Method for
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Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2 Discussion—Above the proportional limit, the ratio of
transverse strain to axial strain will depend on the average
1.1 This test method covers the determination of Poisson’s
stress and on the stress range for which it is measured and,
ratio from tension tests of structural materials at room tem-
hence, should not be regarded as Poisson’s ratio. If this ratio is
perature. This test method is limited to specimens of rectan-
reported, nevertheless, as a value of “Poisson’s ratio” for
gular section and to materials in which and stresses at which
stresses beyond the proportional limit, the range of stress
creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immedi-
should be stated.
ately upon loading.
3.1.3 Discussion—Poisson’s ratio will have more than one
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
value if the material is not isotropic. Deviations from isotropy
as the standard.
should be suspected if the Poisson’s ratio, µ, determined by the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method described below differs significantly from that deter-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mined when the ratio E/G of Young’s modulus, E, to shear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modulus, G, is substituted in the following equation:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. µ 5 E/2G 2 1 (1)
~ !
where Eand Gmustbemeasuredwithgreaterprecisionthan
2. Referenced Documents
the precision desired in the measurement of µ.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines 4. Significance and Use
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
4.1 When uniaxial force is applied to a solid, it deforms in
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
the direction of the applied force, but also expands or contracts
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
laterally depending on whether the force is tensile or compres-
someter Systems
sive. If the solid is homogeneous and isotropic, and the
E111 Test Method forYoung’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
material remains elastic under the action of the applied force,
and Chord Modulus
thelateralstrainbearsaconstantrelationshiptotheaxialstrain.
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimen
This constant, called Poisson’s ratio, is an intrinsic material
Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
property just like Young’s modulus and Shear modulus.
Application
4.2 Poisson’s ratio is used for design of structures where all
dimensional changes resulting from application of force need
3. Terminology
to be taken into account, and in the application of the
3.1 Definitions:
generalized theory of elasticity to structural analysis.
3.1.1 Poisson’s ratio—the negative of the ratio of trans-
4.3 In this test method, the value of Poisson’s ratio is
verse strain to the corresponding axial strain resulting from an
obtained from strains resulting from uniaxial stress only.
axial stress below the proportional limit of the material.
5. General Considerations
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5.1 The accuracy of the determination of Poisson’s ratio is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on usually limited by the accuracy of the transverse strain mea-
Uniaxial Testing.
surementsbecausethepercentageerrorsinthesemeasurements
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
are usually greater than in the axial strain measurements. Since
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E132 – 97. DOI:
a ratio rather than an absolute quantity is measured, it is only
10.1520/E0132-04.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
necessary to know accurately the relative value of the calibra-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tionfactorsoftheextensometers.Also,ingeneral,thevaluesof
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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