ASTM D4096-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Hi-Vol sampler is commonly used for the collection of the airborne particulate component of the atmosphere. Some physical and chemical parameters of the collected particulate matter are dependent upon the physical characteristics of the collection system and the choice of filter media. A variety of options available for the Hi-Vol sampler give it broad versatility and allow the user to develop information about the size and quantity of airborne particulate material and, using subsequent chemical analytical techniques, information about the chemical properties of the particulate matter.
5.2 This test method presents techniques that when uniformly applied, provide measurements suitable for intersite comparisons.
5.3 This test method measures the atmosphere presented to the sampler with good precision, but the actual dust levels in the atmosphere can vary widely from one location to another. This means that sampler location may be of paramount importance, and may impose far greater variability of results than any lack of precision in the method of measurement. In particular, localized dust sources may exert a major influence over a very limited area immediately adjacent to such sources. Examples include unpaved streets, vehicle traffic on roadways with a surface film of dust, building demolition and construction activity, or nearby industrial plants with dust emissions. In some cases, dust levels measured close to such sources may be several times the community wide levels exclusive of such localized effects (see Practice D1357).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for sampling a large volume of atmosphere, 1600 to 2400 m3 (55 000 to 85 000 ft 3), by means of a high flow-rate vacuum pump at a rate of 1.13 to 1.70 m3/min (40 to 60 ft3/min) (1-4).2
1.2 This flow rate allows suspended particles having diameters of less than 100 μm (stokes equivalent diameter) to be collected. However, the collection efficiencies for particles larger than 20 μm decreases with increasing particle size and it varies widely with the angle of the wind with respect to the roof ridge of the sampler shelter and with increasing speed (5). When glass fiber filters are used, particles within the size range of 100 to 0.1 μm diameters or less are ordinarily collected.
1.3 The upper limit of mass loading will be determined by plugging of the filter medium with sample material, which causes a significant decrease in flow rate (see 6.4). For very dusty atmospheres, shorter sampling periods will be necessary. The minimum amount of particulate matter detectable by this method is 3 mg (95 % confidence level). When the sampler is operated at an average flow rate of 1.70 m3/min (60 ft3/min) for 24 h, this is equivalent to 1 to 2 μg/m3 (3).
1.4 The sample that is collected may be subjected to further analyses by a variety of methods for specific constituents.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4096 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the
1
Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4096; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method provides for sampling a large volume
3 3 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of atmosphere, 1600 to 2400 m (55 000 to 85 000 ft ), by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
means of a high flow-rate vacuum pump at a rate of 1.13 to
3 3 2 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.70 m /min (40 to 60 ft /min) (1-4).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This flow rate allows suspended particles having diam-
eters of less than 100 µm (stokes equivalent diameter) to be
2. Referenced Documents
collected. However, the collection efficiencies for particles
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
larger than 20 µm decreases with increasing particle size and it
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
varies widely with the angle of the wind with respect to the
Atmospheres
roof ridge of the sampler shelter and with increasing speed (5).
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
When glass fiber filters are used, particles within the size range
Atmosphere
of 100 to 0.1 µm diameters or less are ordinarily collected.
D2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the
1.3 The upper limit of mass loading will be determined by
Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test
4
plugging of the filter medium with sample material, which
(Withdrawn 2004)
causes a significant decrease in flow rate (see 6.4). For very
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
dusty atmospheres, shorter sampling periods will be necessary.
Pressure
The minimum amount of particulate matter detectable by this
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
method is 3 mg (95 % confidence level). When the sampler is
2.2 Other Documents:
3 3
operatedatanaverageflowrateof1.70m /min(60ft /min)for
EPA-600/9-76-005 Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
3
24 h, this is equivalent to 1 to 2 µg/m (3).
Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol I, Principles (De-
5
cember 1984 Rev.)
1.4 The sample that is collected may be subjected to further
EPA-600/4-77-027a Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
analyses by a variety of methods for specific constituents.
Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol II, Ambient Air
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5
Specific Methods
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
3. Terminology
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 absolute filter, n—afilterorfiltermediumofultra-high
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
collection efficiency for very small particles (submicrometre
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Atmospheres and Source Emissions. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4096 – 91 (2009). www.astm.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/D4096-17. AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
this standard. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4096 − 91 (Reapproved 2009) D4096 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the
1
Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4096; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
3 3
1.1 This test method provides for sampling a large volume of atmosphere, 1600 to 2400 m (55 000 to 85 000 ft ), by means
3 3 2
of a high flow-rate vacuum pump at a rate of 1.13 to 1.70 m /min (40 to 60 ft /min) (11-4, 2, 3 and 4).
1.2 This flow rate allows suspended particles having diameters of less than 100 μm (stokes equivalent diameter) to be collected.
However, the collection efficiencies for particles larger than 20 μm decreases with increasing particle size and it varies widely with
the angle of the wind with respect to the roof ridge of the sampler shelter and with increasing speed (5). When glass fiber filters
are used, particles within the size range of 100 to 0.1 μm diameters or less are ordinarily collected.
1.3 The upper limit of mass loading will be determined by plugging of the filter medium with sample material, which causes
a significant decrease in flow rate (see 6.4). For very dusty atmospheres, shorter sampling periods will be necessary. The minimum
amount of particulate matter detectable by this method is 3 mg (95 % confidence level). When the sampler is operated at an average
3 3 3
flow rate of 1.70 m /min (60 ft /min) for 24 h, this is equivalent to 1 to 2 μg/m (3).
1.4 The sample that is collected may be subjected to further analyses by a variety of methods for specific constituents.
1.5 Values The values stated in SI units shall are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are shown for information
only.standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information
only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test (Withdrawn
4
2004)
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2017. Published March 2009October 2017. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D4096 – 91 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4096-91R09.10.1520/D4096-17.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to thea list of references at the end of this practice.standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4096 − 17
2.2 Other Documents:
EPA-600/9-76-005 Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol I, Principles (December 1984
5
Rev.)
EPA-600/4-77-027a Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol II, Ambient Air Specific
5
Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definiti
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4096 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the
1
Atmosphere (High–Volume Sampler Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4096; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method provides for sampling a large volume
3 3 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of atmosphere, 1600 to 2400 m (55 000 to 85 000 ft ), by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
means of a high flow-rate vacuum pump at a rate of 1.13 to
3 3 2 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.70 m /min (40 to 60 ft /min) (1-4).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This flow rate allows suspended particles having diam-
eters of less than 100 µm (stokes equivalent diameter) to be
2. Referenced Documents
collected. However, the collection efficiencies for particles
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
larger than 20 µm decreases with increasing particle size and it
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
varies widely with the angle of the wind with respect to the
Atmospheres
roof ridge of the sampler shelter and with increasing speed (5).
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
When glass fiber filters are used, particles within the size range
Atmosphere
of 100 to 0.1 µm diameters or less are ordinarily collected.
D2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the
1.3 The upper limit of mass loading will be determined by
Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test
4
plugging of the filter medium with sample material, which
(Withdrawn 2004)
causes a significant decrease in flow rate (see 6.4). For very
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
dusty atmospheres, shorter sampling periods will be necessary.
Pressure
The minimum amount of particulate matter detectable by this
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
method is 3 mg (95 % confidence level). When the sampler is
2.2 Other Documents:
3 3
operated at an average flow rate of 1.70 m /min (60 ft /min) for
EPA-600/9-76-005 Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
3
24 h, this is equivalent to 1 to 2 µg/m (3).
Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol I, Principles (De-
5
cember 1984 Rev.)
1.4 The sample that is collected may be subjected to further
EPA-600/4-77-027a Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
analyses by a variety of methods for specific constituents.
Pollution Measurement Systems, Vol II, Ambient Air
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5
Specific Methods
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
3. Terminology
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 absolute filter, n—a filter or filter medium of ultra-high
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
collection efficiency for very small particles (submicrometre
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Atmospheres and Source Emissions. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4096 – 91 (2009). www.astm.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/D4096-17. Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
this standard. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4096 − 17
siz
...
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